FAIR - Contribuições do utilizador [pt]

Predefinição:Translate

2017-05-24T09:56:28Z

RKM:

<center>  '''NEEDS TRANSLATION'''  </center>

__NOINDEX__

Página principal

2017-05-23T15:43:10Z

RKM:

Página principal

2017-05-20T14:43:33Z

RKM:

RKM:

MediaWiki:Booksources-text

2008-01-16T17:28:48Z

RKM: New page: Below is a list of booksellers who may carry this book. To support FAIR's mission, please consider purchasing this book from the FAIR online bookstore by clicking the link below. Thanks fo...

Below is a list of booksellers who may carry this book. To support FAIR's mission, please consider purchasing this book from the FAIR online bookstore by clicking the link below. Thanks for your support.

Ajuda:Editing

2005-09-06T18:32:00Z

RKM:

This Editing Overview
is meant as a quick reference, with some "getting started" help.
It
has a lot of '''[[wikitext]]''' examples.
Each of the topics covered here is covered somewhere else in more detail. Please look in the box on the right for the topic you are interested in.
You may want to keep this page open in a separate browser window for reference while you edit.
== Editing Basics ==

;Start editing
:To start editing a [[MediaWiki]] page, click on the "'''Edit this page'''" (or just "'''edit'''") link at one of its edges. This will bring you to the '''edit page''': a page with a text box containing the ''[[wikitext]]'': the editable source code from which the server produces the webpage. ''If you just want to experiment, please do so in the [[Sandbox|sandbox]], not here''.

;Summarize your changes
:You should write a short [[Wikipedia:Edit summary|edit summary]] in the small field below the edit-box. You may use shorthand to describe your changes, as described in the [[Wikipedia:Edit summary legend|legend]].

;Preview before saving
:When you have finished, press [[Wikipedia:Show preview|preview]] to see how your changes will look -- '''before''' you make them permanent. Repeat the edit/preview process until you are satisfied, then click "Save" and your changes will be immediately applied to the article.

== [[Wikitext]] markup -- making your page look the way you want it ==

If you want to try out things without danger of doing any harm, you can do so in the [[Sandbox]].

=== Organizing your writing: Sections, paragraphs, lists and lines ===
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>What it looks like</th>
<th>What you type</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
;Sections and subsections
Start sections with header lines

Note: Single equal signs give the highest level heading, like the page title; usually projects have the convention not to use them.






 New section 

 Subsection

 Sub-subsection

</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>

== New section ==

=== Subsection ===

==== Sub-subsection ====
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
;[[en:newline|Newline]]:

A single
newline
has no
effect on the
layout.

But an empty line
starts a new paragraph,
or ends a list or indented part.
(<nowiki></nowiki> disables this paragraphing until <nowiki></nowiki> or the end of the section)

(in Cologne Blue two newlines and a div tag give just one newline; in the order newline, div tag, newline, the result is two newlines)

You can make the wikitext more readable by putting in newlines.
You might find this causes future problems -- see [[w:Wikipedia:Don't use line breaks]] for details.
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>

A single
newline
has no
effect on the
layout.

But an empty line
starts a new paragraph.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>You can break lines 
without starting a new paragraph.
(The HTML tag <nowiki> </nowiki> is sufficient. The system produces the XHTML code <nowiki> </nowiki>.)</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>You can break lines 
without starting a new paragraph.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
* ''Unordered [[Help:List|Lists]]'' are easy to do:
** start every line with a star
*** more stars means deeper levels
*A newline
*in a list
marks the end of the list.
*Of course
*you can
*start again.

</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>* Unordered Lists are easy to do:
** start every line with a star
*** more stars means deeper levels
*A newline
*in a list
marks the end of the list.
*Of course
*you can
*start again.

</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
# Numbered lists are also good
## very organized
## easy to follow
#A newline
#in a list
marks the end of the list.
#New numbering starts
#with 1.

</td>
<td><pre><nowiki># Numbered lists are also good
## very organized
## easy to follow
#A newline
#in a list
marks the end of the list.
#New numbering starts
#with 1.
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
* You can even do mixed lists
*# and nest them
*#* or break lines in lists
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>* You can even do mixed lists
*# and nest them
*#* or break lines in lists</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Definition list'''
; word : definition of the word
; longer phrase
: phrase defined
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>; word : definition of the word
; longer phrase
: phrase defined</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
;indenting
:A colon indents a line or paragraph.
A manual newline starts a new paragraph.
* This is often used for discussion on [[Help:Talk page|Talk page]]s.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>: A colon indents a line or paragraph.
A manual newline starts a new paragraph.
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>
;preformatted text
IF a line of plain text starts with a space
it will be formatted exactly
as typed
in a fixed-width font
lines won't wrap
ENDIF
this is useful for:
* pasting preformatted text;
* algorithm descriptions;
* program source code
* ASCII art;
* chemical structures;

WARNING If you make it wide,
you [[en:page widening|force the whole page to be wide]] and
hence less readable. Never start ordinary lines with spaces. 
<center>(see also below)</center>
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki> IF a line of plain text starts with a space
it will be formatted exactly
as typed
in a fixed-width font
lines won't wrap
ENDIF
this is useful for:
* pasting preformatted text;
* algorithm descriptions;
* program source code
* ASCII art;
* chemical structures;
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><center>Centered text.</center>
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki><center>Centered text.</center></nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A [[en:horizontal dividing line|horizontal dividing line]]: above
----
and below.

If you don't use a section header, you don't get a TOC entry.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>A horizontal dividing line: above
----
and below. </nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Links, URLs ===
More information at [[Help:Link]]
==== Internal Links ====
General notes:
*Enclose the '''target name''' in double square brackets -- <nowiki>"[[" and "]]"</nowiki>
*First letter of target name is automatically capitalized
*Spaces are represented as underscores (but don't do underscores yourself)
*[[the weather in London|Links to nonexistant pages]] are shown in red -- [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Starting a new page|]] tells about creating the page.
*When the mouse cursor "hovers" over the link, you see a "hover box" containing...
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>What it looks like</th>
<th>What you type</th>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>
;Basic
Sue is reading the [[official position]]
(or [[Official position]]s).
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>Sue is reading the
[[official position]]s
(or [[Official position]]).</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>
;Interwiki linking
A link to the page on another wiki (e.g. the same subject in another language)
*For more info see [[m:Help:Interwiki linking]].
*[[:fr:Wikipédia:Aide]].
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
*For more info see [[m:Help:Interwiki linking]].
*[[:fr:Wikipédia:Aide]].
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>

<tr><td>
;Section of page
*[[List of cities by country#Morocco]].
*[[List of cities by country#Sealand]].
If the section doesn't exist, the link goes to the top of the page
</td><td>
<pre><nowiki>*[[List of cities by country#Morocco]].
*[[List of cities by country#Sealand]].</nowiki></pre>
<pre><nowiki></nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td>
;[[piped link]]
Use a pipe "'''|'''" to create a '''link label''':
*[[Help:Links|About Links]]
*[[List of cities by country#Morocco|
Cities in Morocco]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>*[[Help:Links|About Links]]
*[[List of cities by country#Morocco|
Cities in Morocco]]
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td>
'''"blank" pipes''' hide stuff:
*In parentheses: [[kingdom (biology)|kingdom]].
*Namespace: [[Wikipedia:Village pump|Village pump]].
After you save, the server automatically fills in the link label.
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>*In parentheses: [[kingdom (biology)|]].
*Namespace: [[Wikipedia:Village pump|]].</nowiki></pre>
</td></tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>
;Links to nonexistant pages
[[The weather in London]] is a page that doesn't exist yet.
*You can create it by clicking on the link.
*Have a look at [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Starting a new page|how to start a page]] guide and the naming conventions page for your project.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>[[The weather in London]] is a page
that doesn't exist yet.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr><td>
;Link to yourself
You should "sign" your comments on talk pages:
: Your user name: [[User:Karl Wick|Karl Wick]]
: Or your user name plus date/time: [[User:Karl Wick|Karl Wick]] 08:10 Oct 5, 2002 (UTC)
The server will fill in the link after you save.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>You should "sign" your comments on talk pages:
: Your user name: ~~~
: Or your user name plus date/time: ~~~~
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>
;[[MediaWiki User's Guide: Using redirects|Redirect]]
one article title to another with this special link.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>#REDIRECT [[United States]]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
;"Magic" links
* [[en:ISBN|ISBN]] links to books: ISBN 0123456789X (See [[Help:ISBN links]]
* [[w:Request for Comments|RFC]] links to Requests for Comments: RFC 123 (See [[mediawiki:Rfcurl]])
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
ISBN 0123456789X
RFC 123</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>

<tr>
<td>
;Media Links
To include links to non-image uploads such as sounds, use a "media" link.
 [[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]
</td>
<td>
<pre>
<nowiki>
[[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign=top>
<td>
;Dates:
Use links for dates, so everyone can set their own display order. Use [[Special:Preferences]] to change your own date display setting.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>[[July 20]], [[1969]] , [[20 July]] [[1969]]
and [[1969]]-[[07-20]]
</nowiki></pre>will all appear as [[20 July]]-[[1969]] if you set your date display preference to 1 January 2001.
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
;Special pages
"What links here" and "Related changes" can be linked as: 
[[Special:Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] and
[[Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
[[Special:Whatlinkshere/
Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] and
[[Special:Recentchangeslinked/
Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

</table>
====External Links====
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr valign="top"><td>[http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia], [http://www.nupedia.com]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
[http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia],
[http://www.nupedia.com]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Or just give the URL: http://www.nupedia.com.
*In the [[en:URL|URL]] all symbols must be among: A-Z a-z 0-9 ._\/~%- &#?!=()@ \x80-\xFF. If a URL contains a different character it should be converted; for example, ^ has to be written ^ (to be looked up in [[en:ASCII|ASCII]]). A blank space can also be converted into an underscore.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>Or just give the URL:
http://www.nupedia.com.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

</table>

=== Images, Video, and Sounds ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>What it looks like</th>
<th>What you type</th>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
;In-line picture: [[Image:Wiki.png|Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia]]
* For many projects, only images that have been uploaded to the same project or [[commons:|the Commons]] can be used. To upload images, use the [[Special:Upload|upload page]]. You can find the uploaded image on the [[Special:Imagelist|image list]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png]]</nowiki></pre>
or, with alternative text (''strongly'' encouraged) 
<pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki.png|
Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia]] </nowiki>
</pre>
[[en:Web browser|Web browser]]s render alternative text when not displaying an image -- for example, when the image isn't loaded, or in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud. See [[en:Wikipedia:Alternative text for images|Alternative text for images]] for help on choosing alternative text. See [[en:Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax|Extended image syntax]] for more options.
There is [[Help:Images_and_other_uploaded_files#More_details_and_examples_on_embedding_internal_images__into_articles|more information]] on resizing and other formatting tricks.
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
;Other ways of linking to pictures
*The [[Help:Image page|Image page]]: [[:Image:Wiki.png]]
*A link to just the picture: [[media:Wiki.png|Wikipedia]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>[[:Image:Wiki.png]]
[[media:Wiki.png|Wikipedia]]
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>'''Other Media Links -- Video and Sounds'''
Use a "media" link: [[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]
 There is
[[Help:Images_and_other_uploaded_files#Supported_file_types.3B_miscellaneous|More information on other media types]].
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>[[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

</table>

=== Character formatting ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>What it looks like</th>
<th>What you type</th>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>
''Emphasize'', '''strongly''', '''''very strongly'''''.
*These are double and triple apostrophes, not double quotes.
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>''Emphasize'', '''strongly''',
'''''very strongly'''''.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>
You can also write italic and bold
if the desired effect is a specific font style
rather than emphasis, as in mathematical formulas:
:F = ma
*However, the difference between these two methods is not very important for graphical browsers, and many people choose to ignore it.
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>You can also write italic
and bold if the desired effect is a
specific font style rather than emphasis, as
in mathematical formulas:
:F = ma</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>A typewriter font for <tt>technical terms</tt>.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>A typewriter font for
<tt>technical terms</tt>.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>You can use small text for captions.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>You can use small text
for captions.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike>
and underline new material.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike>
and underline new material.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
'''Umlauts and accents:''' (See [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Creating special characters]]) 
è é ê ë ì í 
 
À Á Â Ã Ä Å 
Æ Ç È É Ê Ë 
Ì Í
Î Ï Ñ Ò 
Ó Ô Õ
Ö Ø Ù 
Ú Û Ü ß
à á 
â ã ä å æ
ç 
è é ê ë ì í 
î ï ñ ò ó ô 
&oelig; õ
ö ø ù ú 
û ü ÿ
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>

è é ê ë ì í

&Agrave; &Aacute; &Acirc; &Atilde; &Auml; &Aring;
&AElig; &Ccedil; &Egrave; &Eacute; &Ecirc; &Euml;
&Igrave; &Iacute; &Icirc; &Iuml; &Ntilde; &Ograve;
&Oacute; &Ocirc; &Otilde; &Ouml; &Oslash; &Ugrave;
&Uacute; &Ucirc; &Uuml; &szlig; &agrave; &aacute;
&acirc; &atilde; &auml; &aring; &aelig; &ccedil;
&egrave; &eacute; &ecirc; &euml; &igrave; &iacute;
&icirc; &iuml; &ntilde; &ograve; &oacute; &ocirc;
&oelig; &otilde; &ouml; &oslash; &ugrave; &uacute;
&ucirc; &uuml; &yuml;</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>
'''Punctuation:''' 
¿ ¡ « » § ¶ 
&dagger; &Dagger; • - – —
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
&iquest; &iexcl; &laquo; &raquo; &sect; &para;
&dagger; &Dagger; &bull; - &ndash; &mdash;</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
'''Commercial symbols:''' 
™ © ® ¢ € ¥ 
£ ¤</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
&trade; &copy; &reg; &cent; &euro; &yen;
&pound; &curren;
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top" id="subscript"><td>Subscript: x2 
Superscript: x2 or x²

*The latter method of superscript can't be used in the most general context, but is preferred when possible (as with units of measurement) because most browsers have an easier time formatting lines with it.
ε0 =
8.85 × 10−12
C² / J m.
 
 
1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m²]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>Subscript: x2
Superscript: x2 or x&sup2;

or in projects with the templates sub and sup:

Subscript: x{{sub|2}}
Superscript: x{{sup|2}}

&epsilon;0 =
8.85 &times; 10&minus;12
C&sup2; / J m.

1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m²]]
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>'''Greek characters:''' 
α β γ δ ε ζ 
η θ ι κ λ μ ν 
ξ ο π ρ σ &sigmaf; 
τ υ φ χ ψ ω 
Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π 
Σ Φ Ψ Ω
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
&alpha; &beta; &gamma; &delta; &epsilon; &zeta;
&eta; &theta; &iota; &kappa; &lambda; &mu; &nu;
&xi; &omicron; &pi; &rho; &sigma; &sigmaf;
&tau; &upsilon; &phi; &chi; &psi; &omega;
&Gamma; &Delta; &Theta; &Lambda; &Xi; &Pi;
&Sigma; &Phi; &Psi; &Omega;
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
'''Math characters:''' 
∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞ 
≈ &prop; &equiv; ≠ ≤ ≥ 
× · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ 
∇ &permil; ° &there4; &alefsym; ø 
∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ &sube; &supe; 
¬ &and; &or; ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ 
→ ↔ ↑ 
</td>
<td valign="middle"><pre><nowiki>
&int; &sum; &prod; &radic; &minus; &plusmn; &infin;
&asymp; &prop; &equiv; &ne; &le; &ge;
&times; &middot; &divide; &part; &prime; &Prime;
&nabla; &permil; &deg; &there4; &alefsym; &oslash;
&isin; &notin; &cap; &cup; &sub; &sup; &sube; &supe;
&not; &and; &or; &exist; &forall; &rArr; &hArr;
&rarr; &harr; &uarr;
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>x2   ≥   0 true.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
x2&nbsp;&nbsp;&ge;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 true.
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Complicated formulae:''' 
  <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>
* See [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Editing mathematical formulae:TeX markup|TeX markup]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''For comparison for the following examples:'''

arrow →

''italics''
[[link]]
</td>
<td valign="bottom">
<pre><nowiki>arrow &rarr;

''italics''
[[link]]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Use <nowiki> to suppress interpretation of wiki markup, but interpret character references and remove newlines and multiple spaces:'''

<nowiki>arrow →

''italics''
[[link]]
</nowiki>
</td>
<td valign="bottom">
<pre><nowiki><nowiki>arrow &rarr;

''italics''
[[link]]</nowiki></nowiki></pre>

</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Use <nowiki><pre></nowiki> to suppress interpretation of wiki markup and keep newlines and multiple spaces, and get typewriter font, but interpret character references:'''

<pre>arrow →

''italics''
[[link]]
</pre>
</td>
<td valign="bottom">
<pre><nowiki><pre>arrow &rarr;

''italics''
[[link]]</pre></nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Use leading space on each line to keep newlines and multiple spaces, and get typewriter font:
arrow →

''italics''
[[link]]
</pre>
</td>
<td valign="bottom">
<pre> <nowiki>arrow &rarr;

''italics''
[[link]]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Use typewriter font:'''

<tt>arrow →</tt>

<tt>''italics''</tt>
<tt>[[link]]</tt>

</td>
<td valign="bottom">
<pre><nowiki><tt>arrow &rarr;</tt>

<tt>''italics''</tt>
<tt>[[link]]</nowiki></tt></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Show character references:'''

&rarr;
</td>
<td valign="bottom">
<pre>&amp;rarr;</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Commenting page source:''' 
''not shown in page''
* Used to leave comments in a page for future editors.
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki></nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Tables, formulas, html===
[[Help:Table]]
[[Help:Formula]]
[[Help:HTML_in_wikitext]]
[[Help:Images_and_other_uploaded_files]]
[[Help:Image_page|Pages for images]]
{{h:f}}

==Spacing things out==
To space things out, use non-breaking spaces -- "'''<tt>&nbsp;</tt>'''" (they also prevent line breaks in the middle of text -- useful in formulas).

To align rows and columns, use [[Help:tables|table syntax]]. You can control the width of a cell (as in template {{tim|hs1}}), or insert space using empty cells (as in templates {{tim|hs}} and {{tim|vs}}).

== Tips and Tricks ==


===Transclusion===

You can include the complete contents of another page into the current page. This is called '''transclusion'''. To transclude the page "another page" use <pre><nowiki>{{:another page}}</nowiki></pre>

===Templates===
Some part of a page may correspond in the edit box to just a reference to another page, in the form <nowiki>{{</nowiki>''name''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>, referring to the page "Template:''name''" (or if the name starts with a namespace prefix, it refers to the page with that name; if it starts with a colon it refers to the page in the main namespace with that name without the colon). This is called a [[help:template|template]]. For changing that part of the page, edit that other page. Sometimes a separate edit link is provided for this purpose. A convenient way to put such a link in a template is with a template like [[m:Template:ed]]. Note that the change also affects other pages which use the same template.
===Hover box===
A hover box without a link is possible: <nowiki>inch</nowiki> gives inch. With {{tcw|Title}} one can use <nowiki>{{</nowiki>title|2.54 cm|inch}}.

Combined with a link, with an independent hover box text: [[w:en:inch|inch]] *

Since it depends on the browser whether the hover box appears, it should only be used for non-essential information, for example information one can also find by following the link.

Some browsers show the hover box only a number of seconds. Even though it reappears when the cursor is moved away and back, this makes the hover box unsuitable for long or complicated text. {{Title|Some browsers show the hover box only a number of seconds. Even though it reappears when the cursor is moved away and back, this makes the hover box unsuitable for long or complicated text.

Since it depends on the browser whether the hover box appears, it should only be used for non-essential information, for example information one can also find by following the link.|Example: this is too long.}}

Details of what the browser shows may vary, e.g. "Title:" in front, indentation, code like <nowiki>""</nowiki> being shown, with or without newline, etc.

===Page protection===

In a few cases the link labeled "{{MediaWiki:Editthispage}}" is replaced by the text "{{MediaWiki:Viewsource}}" (or equivalents in the language of the project). In that case the page cannot be edited. Protection of an image page is automatically also protection of the image itself.
===Separating edits===

When moving or copying a piece of text within a page or from another page, and also making other edits, it is useful to separate these edits. This way the [[Help:Diff|diff function]] can be usefully applied for checking these other edits.
===Error message===

If, due to server problems, a save command results in an error message, either the saving has failed, or just the confirmation. Check e.g. My Contributions to find out.
===Edit in your favorite Editor===
You may find it more convenient to copy and paste the text first into your favorite [[en:text editor|text editor]], edit and spell check it there, and then paste it back into your [[en:web browser|web browser]] to preview. This way, you can also keep a local backup copy of the pages you have edited. It also allows you to make changes offline, but before you submit your changes, ''please make sure nobody else has edited the page'' since you saved your local copy (by checking the [[Help:page history|page history]]), otherwise you may accidently revert someone else's edits. If someone ''has'' edited it since you copied the page, you'll have to merge their edits into your new version (you can find their specific edits by using the "[[Help:diff|diff]]" feature of the page history). These issues are handled automatically by the MediaWiki software if you edit the page in your web browser.

'''Differences'''

For a redirect page the preview and the rendered page may show the contents differently: the latter shows the canonical form of the target, while the preview renders the link in the usual way, compare [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babel&redirect=no] with the preview of [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babel&action=edit].

See also [[MediaWiki architecture]].

The edit link of a page showing an old version leads to an edit page with the old wikitext. This allows [[Help:Reverting a page to an earlier version|restoring the old version]]. However, the edit link of a [[diff]] page gives the current wikitext, even if the diff page shows an old version below the table of differences.

==Composition of the edit page==
*[[help:edit toolbar|edit toolbar]] (optional)
*edit box
*[[help:edit summary|edit summary]] box
*save/preview/cancel links
*list of templates used
*preview (optionally either on every edit page or just after pressing "Show preview"; optionally the first item)
===Position-independent wikitext===

Wikitext for which the result does not depend on the position in the wikitext page:

*[[interlanguage link]]s (see also above) - the mutual order is preserved, but otherwise the positions within the page are immaterial
*[[category]] specification - ditto
*<nowiki>__NOTOC__, __FORCETOC__</nowiki>, see [[Help:Section]]

==See also==

*[[Help:Automatic conversion of wikitext]]
*[[Help:Calculation]]
*[[Help:Editing toolbar]]
*[[Help:Html in wikitext]]
*[[Help:Administration#Page_protection| Protecting pages]]
*[[Help:Starting a new page]]
*[[Help:Variable]]
*[[Parser testing]]
*[[en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] and [[en:Wikipedia:PHP script|Wikipedia:PHP script]].
*[[en:HTML tag|HTML tag]].
*[[w:en:User:Pilaf/Live Preview|Live preview]] - i.e., by the local computer without the need of the server.

==External links==
*[http://home.earthlink.net/~awinkelried/keyboard_shortcuts.html Special characters in HTML]
{{h:f|enname=Editing}}

Ajuda:Editing

2005-09-06T18:30:43Z

RKM: /* Editing Basics */

{{H:h|editor toc}}

{{Cleanup}}

<div style="border:1px solid">
The "meat" is back, but there are too many tips-and-tricks, and some of the writing is very verbose. Please help!
</div>

This Editing Overview
is meant as a quick reference, with some "getting started" help.
It
has a lot of '''[[wikitext]]''' examples.
Each of the topics covered here is covered somewhere else in more detail. Please look in the box on the right for the topic you are interested in.
You may want to keep this page open in a separate browser window for reference while you edit.
== Editing Basics ==

;Start editing
:To start editing a [[MediaWiki]] page, click on the "'''Edit this page'''" (or just "'''edit'''") link at one of its edges. This will bring you to the '''edit page''': a page with a text box containing the ''[[wikitext]]'': the editable source code from which the server produces the webpage. ''If you just want to experiment, please do so in the [[Sandbox|sandbox]], not here''.

;Summarize your changes
:You should write a short [[Wikipedia:Edit summary|edit summary]] in the small field below the edit-box. You may use shorthand to describe your changes, as described in the [[Wikipedia:Edit summary legend|legend]].

;Preview before saving
:When you have finished, press [[Wikipedia:Show preview|preview]] to see how your changes will look -- '''before''' you make them permanent. Repeat the edit/preview process until you are satisfied, then click "Save" and your changes will be immediately applied to the article.

== [[Wikitext]] markup -- making your page look the way you want it ==

If you want to try out things without danger of doing any harm, you can do so in the [[Sandbox]].

=== Organizing your writing: Sections, paragraphs, lists and lines ===
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>What it looks like</th>
<th>What you type</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
;Sections and subsections
Start sections with header lines

Note: Single equal signs give the highest level heading, like the page title; usually projects have the convention not to use them.






 New section 

 Subsection

 Sub-subsection

</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>

== New section ==

=== Subsection ===

==== Sub-subsection ====
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
;[[en:newline|Newline]]:

A single
newline
has no
effect on the
layout.

But an empty line
starts a new paragraph,
or ends a list or indented part.
(<nowiki></nowiki> disables this paragraphing until <nowiki></nowiki> or the end of the section)

(in Cologne Blue two newlines and a div tag give just one newline; in the order newline, div tag, newline, the result is two newlines)

You can make the wikitext more readable by putting in newlines.
You might find this causes future problems -- see [[w:Wikipedia:Don't use line breaks]] for details.
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>

A single
newline
has no
effect on the
layout.

But an empty line
starts a new paragraph.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>You can break lines 
without starting a new paragraph.
(The HTML tag <nowiki> </nowiki> is sufficient. The system produces the XHTML code <nowiki> </nowiki>.)</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>You can break lines 
without starting a new paragraph.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
* ''Unordered [[Help:List|Lists]]'' are easy to do:
** start every line with a star
*** more stars means deeper levels
*A newline
*in a list
marks the end of the list.
*Of course
*you can
*start again.

</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>* Unordered Lists are easy to do:
** start every line with a star
*** more stars means deeper levels
*A newline
*in a list
marks the end of the list.
*Of course
*you can
*start again.

</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
# Numbered lists are also good
## very organized
## easy to follow
#A newline
#in a list
marks the end of the list.
#New numbering starts
#with 1.

</td>
<td><pre><nowiki># Numbered lists are also good
## very organized
## easy to follow
#A newline
#in a list
marks the end of the list.
#New numbering starts
#with 1.
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
* You can even do mixed lists
*# and nest them
*#* or break lines in lists
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>* You can even do mixed lists
*# and nest them
*#* or break lines in lists</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Definition list'''
; word : definition of the word
; longer phrase
: phrase defined
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>; word : definition of the word
; longer phrase
: phrase defined</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
;indenting
:A colon indents a line or paragraph.
A manual newline starts a new paragraph.
* This is often used for discussion on [[Help:Talk page|Talk page]]s.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>: A colon indents a line or paragraph.
A manual newline starts a new paragraph.
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>
;preformatted text
IF a line of plain text starts with a space
it will be formatted exactly
as typed
in a fixed-width font
lines won't wrap
ENDIF
this is useful for:
* pasting preformatted text;
* algorithm descriptions;
* program source code
* ASCII art;
* chemical structures;

WARNING If you make it wide,
you [[en:page widening|force the whole page to be wide]] and
hence less readable. Never start ordinary lines with spaces. 
<center>(see also below)</center>
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki> IF a line of plain text starts with a space
it will be formatted exactly
as typed
in a fixed-width font
lines won't wrap
ENDIF
this is useful for:
* pasting preformatted text;
* algorithm descriptions;
* program source code
* ASCII art;
* chemical structures;
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><center>Centered text.</center>
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki><center>Centered text.</center></nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A [[en:horizontal dividing line|horizontal dividing line]]: above
----
and below.

If you don't use a section header, you don't get a TOC entry.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>A horizontal dividing line: above
----
and below. </nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Links, URLs ===
More information at [[Help:Link]]
==== Internal Links ====
General notes:
*Enclose the '''target name''' in double square brackets -- <nowiki>"[[" and "]]"</nowiki>
*First letter of target name is automatically capitalized
*Spaces are represented as underscores (but don't do underscores yourself)
*[[the weather in London|Links to nonexistant pages]] are shown in red -- [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Starting a new page|]] tells about creating the page.
*When the mouse cursor "hovers" over the link, you see a "hover box" containing...
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>What it looks like</th>
<th>What you type</th>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>
;Basic
Sue is reading the [[official position]]
(or [[Official position]]s).
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>Sue is reading the
[[official position]]s
(or [[Official position]]).</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>
;Interwiki linking
A link to the page on another wiki (e.g. the same subject in another language)
*For more info see [[m:Help:Interwiki linking]].
*[[:fr:Wikipédia:Aide]].
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
*For more info see [[m:Help:Interwiki linking]].
*[[:fr:Wikipédia:Aide]].
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>

<tr><td>
;Section of page
*[[List of cities by country#Morocco]].
*[[List of cities by country#Sealand]].
If the section doesn't exist, the link goes to the top of the page
</td><td>
<pre><nowiki>*[[List of cities by country#Morocco]].
*[[List of cities by country#Sealand]].</nowiki></pre>
<pre><nowiki></nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td>
;[[piped link]]
Use a pipe "'''|'''" to create a '''link label''':
*[[Help:Links|About Links]]
*[[List of cities by country#Morocco|
Cities in Morocco]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>*[[Help:Links|About Links]]
*[[List of cities by country#Morocco|
Cities in Morocco]]
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td>
'''"blank" pipes''' hide stuff:
*In parentheses: [[kingdom (biology)|kingdom]].
*Namespace: [[Wikipedia:Village pump|Village pump]].
After you save, the server automatically fills in the link label.
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>*In parentheses: [[kingdom (biology)|]].
*Namespace: [[Wikipedia:Village pump|]].</nowiki></pre>
</td></tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>
;Links to nonexistant pages
[[The weather in London]] is a page that doesn't exist yet.
*You can create it by clicking on the link.
*Have a look at [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Starting a new page|how to start a page]] guide and the naming conventions page for your project.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>[[The weather in London]] is a page
that doesn't exist yet.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr><td>
;Link to yourself
You should "sign" your comments on talk pages:
: Your user name: [[User:Karl Wick|Karl Wick]]
: Or your user name plus date/time: [[User:Karl Wick|Karl Wick]] 08:10 Oct 5, 2002 (UTC)
The server will fill in the link after you save.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>You should "sign" your comments on talk pages:
: Your user name: ~~~
: Or your user name plus date/time: ~~~~
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>
;[[MediaWiki User's Guide: Using redirects|Redirect]]
one article title to another with this special link.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>#REDIRECT [[United States]]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
;"Magic" links
* [[en:ISBN|ISBN]] links to books: ISBN 0123456789X (See [[Help:ISBN links]]
* [[w:Request for Comments|RFC]] links to Requests for Comments: RFC 123 (See [[mediawiki:Rfcurl]])
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
ISBN 0123456789X
RFC 123</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>

<tr>
<td>
;Media Links
To include links to non-image uploads such as sounds, use a "media" link.
 [[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]
</td>
<td>
<pre>
<nowiki>
[[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign=top>
<td>
;Dates:
Use links for dates, so everyone can set their own display order. Use [[Special:Preferences]] to change your own date display setting.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>[[July 20]], [[1969]] , [[20 July]] [[1969]]
and [[1969]]-[[07-20]]
</nowiki></pre>will all appear as [[20 July]]-[[1969]] if you set your date display preference to 1 January 2001.
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
;Special pages
"What links here" and "Related changes" can be linked as: 
[[Special:Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] and
[[Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
[[Special:Whatlinkshere/
Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] and
[[Special:Recentchangeslinked/
Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

</table>
====External Links====
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr valign="top"><td>[http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia], [http://www.nupedia.com]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
[http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia],
[http://www.nupedia.com]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Or just give the URL: http://www.nupedia.com.
*In the [[en:URL|URL]] all symbols must be among: A-Z a-z 0-9 ._\/~%- &#?!=()@ \x80-\xFF. If a URL contains a different character it should be converted; for example, ^ has to be written ^ (to be looked up in [[en:ASCII|ASCII]]). A blank space can also be converted into an underscore.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>Or just give the URL:
http://www.nupedia.com.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

</table>

=== Images, Video, and Sounds ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>What it looks like</th>
<th>What you type</th>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
;In-line picture: [[Image:Wiki.png|Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia]]
* For many projects, only images that have been uploaded to the same project or [[commons:|the Commons]] can be used. To upload images, use the [[Special:Upload|upload page]]. You can find the uploaded image on the [[Special:Imagelist|image list]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png]]</nowiki></pre>
or, with alternative text (''strongly'' encouraged) 
<pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki.png|
Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia]] </nowiki>
</pre>
[[en:Web browser|Web browser]]s render alternative text when not displaying an image -- for example, when the image isn't loaded, or in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud. See [[en:Wikipedia:Alternative text for images|Alternative text for images]] for help on choosing alternative text. See [[en:Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax|Extended image syntax]] for more options.
There is [[Help:Images_and_other_uploaded_files#More_details_and_examples_on_embedding_internal_images__into_articles|more information]] on resizing and other formatting tricks.
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
;Other ways of linking to pictures
*The [[Help:Image page|Image page]]: [[:Image:Wiki.png]]
*A link to just the picture: [[media:Wiki.png|Wikipedia]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>[[:Image:Wiki.png]]
[[media:Wiki.png|Wikipedia]]
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>'''Other Media Links -- Video and Sounds'''
Use a "media" link: [[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]
 There is
[[Help:Images_and_other_uploaded_files#Supported_file_types.3B_miscellaneous|More information on other media types]].
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>[[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

</table>

=== Character formatting ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>What it looks like</th>
<th>What you type</th>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>
''Emphasize'', '''strongly''', '''''very strongly'''''.
*These are double and triple apostrophes, not double quotes.
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>''Emphasize'', '''strongly''',
'''''very strongly'''''.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>
You can also write italic and bold
if the desired effect is a specific font style
rather than emphasis, as in mathematical formulas:
:F = ma
*However, the difference between these two methods is not very important for graphical browsers, and many people choose to ignore it.
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>You can also write italic
and bold if the desired effect is a
specific font style rather than emphasis, as
in mathematical formulas:
:F = ma</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>A typewriter font for <tt>technical terms</tt>.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>A typewriter font for
<tt>technical terms</tt>.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>You can use small text for captions.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>You can use small text
for captions.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike>
and underline new material.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike>
and underline new material.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
'''Umlauts and accents:''' (See [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Creating special characters]]) 
è é ê ë ì í 
 
À Á Â Ã Ä Å 
Æ Ç È É Ê Ë 
Ì Í
Î Ï Ñ Ò 
Ó Ô Õ
Ö Ø Ù 
Ú Û Ü ß
à á 
â ã ä å æ
ç 
è é ê ë ì í 
î ï ñ ò ó ô 
&oelig; õ
ö ø ù ú 
û ü ÿ
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>

è é ê ë ì í

&Agrave; &Aacute; &Acirc; &Atilde; &Auml; &Aring;
&AElig; &Ccedil; &Egrave; &Eacute; &Ecirc; &Euml;
&Igrave; &Iacute; &Icirc; &Iuml; &Ntilde; &Ograve;
&Oacute; &Ocirc; &Otilde; &Ouml; &Oslash; &Ugrave;
&Uacute; &Ucirc; &Uuml; &szlig; &agrave; &aacute;
&acirc; &atilde; &auml; &aring; &aelig; &ccedil;
&egrave; &eacute; &ecirc; &euml; &igrave; &iacute;
&icirc; &iuml; &ntilde; &ograve; &oacute; &ocirc;
&oelig; &otilde; &ouml; &oslash; &ugrave; &uacute;
&ucirc; &uuml; &yuml;</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>
'''Punctuation:''' 
¿ ¡ « » § ¶ 
&dagger; &Dagger; • - – —
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
&iquest; &iexcl; &laquo; &raquo; &sect; &para;
&dagger; &Dagger; &bull; - &ndash; &mdash;</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
'''Commercial symbols:''' 
™ © ® ¢ € ¥ 
£ ¤</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
&trade; &copy; &reg; &cent; &euro; &yen;
&pound; &curren;
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top" id="subscript"><td>Subscript: x2 
Superscript: x2 or x²

*The latter method of superscript can't be used in the most general context, but is preferred when possible (as with units of measurement) because most browsers have an easier time formatting lines with it.
ε0 =
8.85 × 10−12
C² / J m.
 
 
1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m²]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>Subscript: x2
Superscript: x2 or x&sup2;

or in projects with the templates sub and sup:

Subscript: x{{sub|2}}
Superscript: x{{sup|2}}

&epsilon;0 =
8.85 &times; 10&minus;12
C&sup2; / J m.

1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m²]]
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>'''Greek characters:''' 
α β γ δ ε ζ 
η θ ι κ λ μ ν 
ξ ο π ρ σ &sigmaf; 
τ υ φ χ ψ ω 
Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π 
Σ Φ Ψ Ω
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
&alpha; &beta; &gamma; &delta; &epsilon; &zeta;
&eta; &theta; &iota; &kappa; &lambda; &mu; &nu;
&xi; &omicron; &pi; &rho; &sigma; &sigmaf;
&tau; &upsilon; &phi; &chi; &psi; &omega;
&Gamma; &Delta; &Theta; &Lambda; &Xi; &Pi;
&Sigma; &Phi; &Psi; &Omega;
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
'''Math characters:''' 
∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞ 
≈ &prop; &equiv; ≠ ≤ ≥ 
× · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ 
∇ &permil; ° &there4; &alefsym; ø 
∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ &sube; &supe; 
¬ &and; &or; ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ 
→ ↔ ↑ 
</td>
<td valign="middle"><pre><nowiki>
&int; &sum; &prod; &radic; &minus; &plusmn; &infin;
&asymp; &prop; &equiv; &ne; &le; &ge;
&times; &middot; &divide; &part; &prime; &Prime;
&nabla; &permil; &deg; &there4; &alefsym; &oslash;
&isin; &notin; &cap; &cup; &sub; &sup; &sube; &supe;
&not; &and; &or; &exist; &forall; &rArr; &hArr;
&rarr; &harr; &uarr;
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>x2   ≥   0 true.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
x2&nbsp;&nbsp;&ge;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 true.
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Complicated formulae:''' 
  <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>
* See [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Editing mathematical formulae:TeX markup|TeX markup]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''For comparison for the following examples:'''

arrow →

''italics''
[[link]]
</td>
<td valign="bottom">
<pre><nowiki>arrow &rarr;

''italics''
[[link]]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Use <nowiki> to suppress interpretation of wiki markup, but interpret character references and remove newlines and multiple spaces:'''

<nowiki>arrow →

''italics''
[[link]]
</nowiki>
</td>
<td valign="bottom">
<pre><nowiki><nowiki>arrow &rarr;

''italics''
[[link]]</nowiki></nowiki></pre>

</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Use <nowiki><pre></nowiki> to suppress interpretation of wiki markup and keep newlines and multiple spaces, and get typewriter font, but interpret character references:'''

<pre>arrow →

''italics''
[[link]]
</pre>
</td>
<td valign="bottom">
<pre><nowiki><pre>arrow &rarr;

''italics''
[[link]]</pre></nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Use leading space on each line to keep newlines and multiple spaces, and get typewriter font:
arrow →

''italics''
[[link]]
</pre>
</td>
<td valign="bottom">
<pre> <nowiki>arrow &rarr;

''italics''
[[link]]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Use typewriter font:'''

<tt>arrow →</tt>

<tt>''italics''</tt>
<tt>[[link]]</tt>

</td>
<td valign="bottom">
<pre><nowiki><tt>arrow &rarr;</tt>

<tt>''italics''</tt>
<tt>[[link]]</nowiki></tt></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Show character references:'''

&rarr;
</td>
<td valign="bottom">
<pre>&amp;rarr;</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Commenting page source:''' 
''not shown in page''
* Used to leave comments in a page for future editors.
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki></nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Tables, formulas, html===
[[Help:Table]]
[[Help:Formula]]
[[Help:HTML_in_wikitext]]
[[Help:Images_and_other_uploaded_files]]
[[Help:Image_page|Pages for images]]
{{h:f}}

==Spacing things out==
To space things out, use non-breaking spaces -- "'''<tt>&nbsp;</tt>'''" (they also prevent line breaks in the middle of text -- useful in formulas).

To align rows and columns, use [[Help:tables|table syntax]]. You can control the width of a cell (as in template {{tim|hs1}}), or insert space using empty cells (as in templates {{tim|hs}} and {{tim|vs}}).

== Tips and Tricks ==


===Transclusion===

You can include the complete contents of another page into the current page. This is called '''transclusion'''. To transclude the page "another page" use <pre><nowiki>{{:another page}}</nowiki></pre>

===Templates===
Some part of a page may correspond in the edit box to just a reference to another page, in the form <nowiki>{{</nowiki>''name''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>, referring to the page "Template:''name''" (or if the name starts with a namespace prefix, it refers to the page with that name; if it starts with a colon it refers to the page in the main namespace with that name without the colon). This is called a [[help:template|template]]. For changing that part of the page, edit that other page. Sometimes a separate edit link is provided for this purpose. A convenient way to put such a link in a template is with a template like [[m:Template:ed]]. Note that the change also affects other pages which use the same template.
===Hover box===
A hover box without a link is possible: <nowiki>inch</nowiki> gives inch. With {{tcw|Title}} one can use <nowiki>{{</nowiki>title|2.54 cm|inch}}.

Combined with a link, with an independent hover box text: [[w:en:inch|inch]] *

Since it depends on the browser whether the hover box appears, it should only be used for non-essential information, for example information one can also find by following the link.

Some browsers show the hover box only a number of seconds. Even though it reappears when the cursor is moved away and back, this makes the hover box unsuitable for long or complicated text. {{Title|Some browsers show the hover box only a number of seconds. Even though it reappears when the cursor is moved away and back, this makes the hover box unsuitable for long or complicated text.

Since it depends on the browser whether the hover box appears, it should only be used for non-essential information, for example information one can also find by following the link.|Example: this is too long.}}

Details of what the browser shows may vary, e.g. "Title:" in front, indentation, code like <nowiki>""</nowiki> being shown, with or without newline, etc.

===Page protection===

In a few cases the link labeled "{{MediaWiki:Editthispage}}" is replaced by the text "{{MediaWiki:Viewsource}}" (or equivalents in the language of the project). In that case the page cannot be edited. Protection of an image page is automatically also protection of the image itself.
===Separating edits===

When moving or copying a piece of text within a page or from another page, and also making other edits, it is useful to separate these edits. This way the [[Help:Diff|diff function]] can be usefully applied for checking these other edits.
===Error message===

If, due to server problems, a save command results in an error message, either the saving has failed, or just the confirmation. Check e.g. My Contributions to find out.
===Edit in your favorite Editor===
You may find it more convenient to copy and paste the text first into your favorite [[en:text editor|text editor]], edit and spell check it there, and then paste it back into your [[en:web browser|web browser]] to preview. This way, you can also keep a local backup copy of the pages you have edited. It also allows you to make changes offline, but before you submit your changes, ''please make sure nobody else has edited the page'' since you saved your local copy (by checking the [[Help:page history|page history]]), otherwise you may accidently revert someone else's edits. If someone ''has'' edited it since you copied the page, you'll have to merge their edits into your new version (you can find their specific edits by using the "[[Help:diff|diff]]" feature of the page history). These issues are handled automatically by the MediaWiki software if you edit the page in your web browser.

'''Differences'''

For a redirect page the preview and the rendered page may show the contents differently: the latter shows the canonical form of the target, while the preview renders the link in the usual way, compare [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babel&redirect=no] with the preview of [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babel&action=edit].

See also [[MediaWiki architecture]].

The edit link of a page showing an old version leads to an edit page with the old wikitext. This allows [[Help:Reverting a page to an earlier version|restoring the old version]]. However, the edit link of a [[diff]] page gives the current wikitext, even if the diff page shows an old version below the table of differences.

==Composition of the edit page==
*[[help:edit toolbar|edit toolbar]] (optional)
*edit box
*[[help:edit summary|edit summary]] box
*save/preview/cancel links
*list of templates used
*preview (optionally either on every edit page or just after pressing "Show preview"; optionally the first item)
===Position-independent wikitext===

Wikitext for which the result does not depend on the position in the wikitext page:

*[[interlanguage link]]s (see also above) - the mutual order is preserved, but otherwise the positions within the page are immaterial
*[[category]] specification - ditto
*<nowiki>__NOTOC__, __FORCETOC__</nowiki>, see [[Help:Section]]

==See also==

*[[Help:Automatic conversion of wikitext]]
*[[Help:Calculation]]
*[[Help:Editing toolbar]]
*[[Help:Html in wikitext]]
*[[Help:Administration#Page_protection| Protecting pages]]
*[[Help:Starting a new page]]
*[[Help:Variable]]
*[[Parser testing]]
*[[en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] and [[en:Wikipedia:PHP script|Wikipedia:PHP script]].
*[[en:HTML tag|HTML tag]].
*[[w:en:User:Pilaf/Live Preview|Live preview]] - i.e., by the local computer without the need of the server.

==External links==
*[http://home.earthlink.net/~awinkelried/keyboard_shortcuts.html Special characters in HTML]
{{h:f|enname=Editing}}

2005-09-06T17:14:35Z

RKM: /* Special pages for all users */

Ajuda:Special page

2005-09-06T17:13:56Z

RKM: /* Special pages for all users */

Ajuda:Special page

2005-09-06T17:11:58Z

RKM:

Ajuda:Random page

2005-09-06T17:06:17Z

RKM:

Clicking this link will take you to a random page in the wiki's main article namespace. Pages such as redirects will be omitted.

Ajuda:What links here

2005-09-06T17:05:16Z

RKM:

Every page has a link labelled "What links here" (or, more generally, labelled with the text in mediawiki:whatlinkshere), also called backlink

==Limitation==
Not listed are [[Help:Link#Subpage_feature|subpages]] that just have an ''automatic'' link to a page.

==Redirects==
The backlinks feature shows which backlinks are redirects.

The backlinks of the redirect are also shown, and if they include a redirect, the backlinks of that also (not more).

This makes it a useful tool for finding double redirects, which do not work, and, except in special applications (see below) can better be replaced by redirects to the final target.

==Cases of [[en:transclusion|transclusion]]==
Whether there is a link from A to C is relevant for backlinks as well as Related changes. If C does not exist, only backlinks are applicable.

*in the case of a template, referral to it is treated as link
*a link from A to C counts as such even if the link is not explicit in the wikitext of A, but due to the inclusion of template B, which links to C
*if template B calls a template that depends on a variable or parameter, then:
**the question whether A links to C depends on the value of the variable on page A, or the parameter with which A calls B
**the question whether B links to C depends on the value of the variable on page B; in the case of a parameter, considered from page B, the page does not call a valid template name (it calls one with a name with braces), so B does not link to any valid C

Thus a link from A to C may be due to the inclusion of template B, even when B, considered by itself, does not link to C. Thus, to find out what templates cause pages to link to C, it is not sufficient to check for templates in the backlinks of C; some templates can only be found by checking what templates are used in the backlink pages.

Examples:
*[[Template:H:f]] calls Template:h:f <nowiki>{{</nowiki>NAMESPACE}}. Considered by itself that is the unused Template:H:f Template [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Recentchangeslinked&target=Template:H:f&days=3000&limit=50], [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Template%3AH%3Af_Template]
*This page '''Help:What links here''' links through [[Template:H:f]] to [[Template:H:f Help]] [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Recentchangeslinked&target=Help:What%20links%20here&days=3000&limit=500], [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Template%3AH%3Af_Help]. This page is therefore a backlink of the latter, but Template:H:f is not listed.

Even without a template name depending on a variable or parameter, if page A links to page C due to the inclusion of template B1 which redirects to B2, which links to C, A is in the list of backlinks of C but B1 is not.

Summarizing, for the purpose of backlinks and Related changes, A links to C if there is, in that order, a chain of template calls, a single redirect, template calls, a single redirect, etc., template calls, and a chain of redirects.

In the case of an image, using it in a page is listed in the third section of the image description page, but not in "What links here" of that page

==Other uses==
The backlinks facility works also for a page that does not exist. The ''What links here'' button is also on the edit page on which one arrives when following a broken link.

The feature can also be applied to itself and other special pages, e.g. [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Special%3AWhatlinkshere], [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Special%3ARecentchanges], [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Special%3AWhatlinkshere], [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Special%3ARecentchanges].

Links could be put specially for use with "What links here", as an alternative category system, even to non-existing pages, e.g. [[Altcat:Help 1]], see [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Altcat:Help 1]]. Putting the wikitext <nowiki>[[</nowiki>Altcat:Help 2| ]] does not provide a link and only produces a blank space (perhaps depending on the browser, here it produces "[[Altcat:Help 2| ]]"), but for "What links here" it works as a link, see [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Altcat:Help 2]]. This could be useful for a special-purpose category that should not clutter the regular list of categories a page belongs to (for example, on w:en: there is the requirement that when viewing an article in a category, it is obvious why the article is in the category, and the requirement that the category subject is prominently discussed in the article).

Similarly an empty template can be used: <nowiki>{{:Altcat:Help 3}}</nowiki> displays as "{{:Altcat:Help 3}}"; see [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Altcat:Help 3]].

Also a link can be provided, alongside the pseudo-link, <nowiki>[[Altcat:Help 2| ]][[Special:Whatlinkshere/Altcat:Help 2|Help 2]]</nowiki> gives "[[Altcat:Help 2| ]][[Special:Whatlinkshere/Altcat:Help 2|Cat:Help 2]]", or in the template: <nowiki>{{:Altcat:Help 4}}</nowiki> gives "{{:Altcat:Help 4}}".

Except in the case that the link is put in the template (it can also be put alongside the template tag), a redirect can specify a supercategory. As opposed to actual categories, the backlinks can show a tree structure: not only pages and subcategories, but also the contents of the subcategories (for each a list of pages and a list of sub-subcategories) and the contents of the sub-subcategories (for each a list of pages and a list of sub-sub-subcategories), but not the contents of the sub-sub-subcategories, up to three levels are shown; see [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Altcat:Help|Cat:Help]] and [[w:en:Special:Whatlinkshere/Cat:Municipalities of the Netherlands|Cat:Municipalities of the Netherlands]].