FAIR - Contribuições do utilizador [pt]

Fairwiki:Booksources

2006-08-04T22:11:47Z

Fisherad:

http://store.fairlds.org

FAIRwiki:Project home

2006-06-24T05:47:19Z

Fisherad: /* Signatures */

==Introduction==

Welcome to the FAIRwiki project homepage. This page is the central reference and resource for FAIRwiki editors, a place where we can collaborate, identify and prioritize needs, and make assignments.

Please treat this page as an ongoing discussion by adding your questions and comments. Vote on issues by adding your name; use the '''signature''' button on the toolbar above the editing space — [[Image:sig_button.png|alt Signature/timestamp button]] — to add your name and a timestamp.

==Wiki management==

*Managing editor: [[User:MikeParker|Mike Parker]] (mike@mike-parker.org)
*Senior editor: [[User:GregSmith|Greg Smith]] (glsmith7@telus.net)
*Senior editor: [[User:KevinBarney|Kevin Barney]] (klbarney@yahoo.com)
*Senior editor: [[User:McKayJones|McKay Jones]] (sumac@localnet.com)
*Senior editor: [[User:MikeAsh|Mike Ash]] (mash@xmission.com)
*FAIR board liason: [[User:JohnLynch|John Lynch]] (jlynchs@pacbell.net)
*Wiki technical support: [[User:Fisherad|Adam Fisher]] (fisherad@gmail.com)

==Links==

<table border="0" cellpadding="4">
<tr>
<td valign="top" style="background-color:#ffcccc">
*[[FAIRwiki:Table_of_contents|List of articles to create]]
*[[Special:Recentchanges|Recently modified articles]]
*[[FAIRwiki:Style_guide|Style guide]] (<font color="red">''please read and heed!''</font>)
*Templates:
:[[FAIRwiki:New_page_template|New page]]
:[[FAIRwiki:Answer_template|Answer to a question]]
*[[Help:Editing|Wiki markup language reference]]
*[[FAIRwiki:Sandbox|Practice editing]]
</td>
</tr>
</table>

==Urgent needs==

The following articles are '''<span style="color:red; background-color:yellow">''high priority''</span>''' and need to be written as soon as possible. Please comment here if you would like to volunteer, or if you get to final draft status and need peer review.

*[[Book of Mormon and DNA evidence]] — Looks okay; could use minor improvements.
*[[Book of Mormon geography]] — Could Larry Paulson from FAIR list help?
*[[First Vision accounts]] — Can someone summarize [http://www.eldenwatson.net/1stVIntro.htm Eldon Watson's] material?
*[[Joseph Smith and polyandry]] — [[GregSmith|Greg Smith]] summarize [[AllenWyatt|Allen Wyatt's]] forthcoming material
*[[Jesus Christ is the brother of Satan]] — [[GregSmith|Greg Smith]] has started this; collaboration would help.
*[[Temple endowment changes]] — Needs to be written.

===Recently completed needs===
Thanks for:
*[[Book of Abraham papyri]] — summary, with links to longer original; thanks [[MikeAsh|Mike Ash]]!
*[[Kirtland Egyptian Papers]] — [[KevinBarney|Kevin Barney]] has done!
*[[Temple work for Holocaust victims]] — [[DavidFerguson|David Ferguson]] and other editors have done this.

Please check these new contributions for errors, improvements.

==Source material for wiki editors==

*[[Walter Martin's plagiarism criticisms]]

==Wiki editors' commitment==

===What editors may do===

As a wiki editor, you can modify, delete from, or add to any article in the wiki. If you're logged in, you'll see a series of tabs at the top of each article; click the "edit" tab and you'll see the text and formatting codes behind the article. You can also click the "edit" link next to each section to edit just the text of that section.

The idea behind the wiki is that the editors will be visiting on a regular basis to add new material and improve existing material:

* If you see a typo, fix it.
* If you see something that could be worded more clearly, change it.
* If you think an existing article would be better if it had some additional information, add it.
* If you think an article would make more sense if paragraphs were rearranged, move them.
* If there's no article for a topic that you have information about, create it.

No one needs to approve your changes; just make them. If there's a problem with something you did, someone will be along to fix it.

You can track the articles that have been recently created or modified by using the [[Special:Recentchanges|Recent changes]] link at the left side of each page. That page also has an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS_Feed RSS feed] you can set up to monitor wiki activity.

===Your commitment as an editor===

The wiki will only succeed as a resource if it has a group of committed editors who are actively improving it. To this end, the commitment FAIR asks of all editors is:

* Visit the wiki at least two times each week.
* On each visit spend a personally determined amount of time (at least 15 minutes) browsing the [[FAIRwiki:Table_of_contents|Table of Contents]] and [[Special:Recentchanges|Recent Changes]] pages, looking for improvements and additions you can make.
* Do at least one thing to improve the wiki at each visit, no matter how small.

If each of our editors will make and keep this commitment, the wiki will quickly become one a great resources for FAIR and members of the Church. Active collaboration is the key to that success.

===Affirm and acknowledge your commitment===

Please electronically sign your name in the section below. Click the "edit" link to the right, add an asterisk beneath the existing signatures, and use the '''signature''' button on the toolbar above the editing space — [[Image:sig_button.png|alt Signature/timestamp button]] — to add your name and a timestamp.

====Signatures====
*--[[User:MikeParker|MikeParker]] 12:06, 23 Jun 2006 (MDT)
*--[[User:SuzanneArmitage|SuzanneArmitage]] 12:15, 23 Jun 2006 (MDT)
*--[[User:BrianPalmer|BrianPalmer]] 13:01, 23 Jun 2006 (MDT)
*--[[User:DavidFerguson|DavidFerguson]] 15:07, 23 Jun 2006 (MDT)
*--[[User:MikeClark|Mike Clark]] 23:06, 23 Jun 2006 (MDT)
*--[[User:Fisherad|Fisherad]] 23:47, 23 Jun 2006 (MDT)

Ajuda:What links here

2005-10-10T13:20:12Z

Fisherad: /* Cases of transclusion */

Every page has a link labelled "What links here" (or, more generally, labelled with the text in mediawiki:whatlinkshere), also called backlink

==Limitation==
Not listed are [[Help:Link#Subpage_feature|subpages]] that just have an ''automatic'' link to a page.

==Redirects==
The backlinks feature shows which backlinks are redirects.

The backlinks of the redirect are also shown, and if they include a redirect, the backlinks of that also (not more).

This makes it a useful tool for finding double redirects, which do not work, and, except in special applications (see below) can better be replaced by redirects to the final target.

==Cases of Transclusion==
Whether there is a link from A to C is relevant for backlinks as well as Related changes. If C does not exist, only backlinks are applicable.

*in the case of a template, referral to it is treated as link
*a link from A to C counts as such even if the link is not explicit in the wikitext of A, but due to the inclusion of template B, which links to C
*if template B calls a template that depends on a variable or parameter, then:
**the question whether A links to C depends on the value of the variable on page A, or the parameter with which A calls B
**the question whether B links to C depends on the value of the variable on page B; in the case of a parameter, considered from page B, the page does not call a valid template name (it calls one with a name with braces), so B does not link to any valid C

Thus a link from A to C may be due to the inclusion of template B, even when B, considered by itself, does not link to C. Thus, to find out what templates cause pages to link to C, it is not sufficient to check for templates in the backlinks of C; some templates can only be found by checking what templates are used in the backlink pages.

Examples:
*[[Template:H:f]] calls Template:h:f <nowiki>{{</nowiki>NAMESPACE}}. Considered by itself that is the unused Template:H:f Template [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Recentchangeslinked&target=Template:H:f&days=3000&limit=50], [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Template%3AH%3Af_Template]
*This page '''Help:What links here''' links through [[Template:H:f]] to [[Template:H:f Help]] [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Recentchangeslinked&target=Help:What%20links%20here&days=3000&limit=500], [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Template%3AH%3Af_Help]. This page is therefore a backlink of the latter, but Template:H:f is not listed.

Even without a template name depending on a variable or parameter, if page A links to page C due to the inclusion of template B1 which redirects to B2, which links to C, A is in the list of backlinks of C but B1 is not.

Summarizing, for the purpose of backlinks and Related changes, A links to C if there is, in that order, a chain of template calls, a single redirect, template calls, a single redirect, etc., template calls, and a chain of redirects.

In the case of an image, using it in a page is listed in the third section of the image description page, but not in "What links here" of that page

==Other uses==
The backlinks facility works also for a page that does not exist. The ''What links here'' button is also on the edit page on which one arrives when following a broken link.

The feature can also be applied to itself and other special pages, e.g. [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Special%3AWhatlinkshere], [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Special%3ARecentchanges], [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Special%3AWhatlinkshere], [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Special%3ARecentchanges].

Links could be put specially for use with "What links here", as an alternative category system, even to non-existing pages, e.g. [[Altcat:Help 1]], see [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Altcat:Help 1]]. Putting the wikitext <nowiki>[[</nowiki>Altcat:Help 2| ]] does not provide a link and only produces a blank space (perhaps depending on the browser, here it produces "[[Altcat:Help 2| ]]"), but for "What links here" it works as a link, see [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Altcat:Help 2]]. This could be useful for a special-purpose category that should not clutter the regular list of categories a page belongs to (for example, on w:en: there is the requirement that when viewing an article in a category, it is obvious why the article is in the category, and the requirement that the category subject is prominently discussed in the article).

Similarly an empty template can be used: <nowiki>{{:Altcat:Help 3}}</nowiki> displays as "{{:Altcat:Help 3}}"; see [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Altcat:Help 3]].

Also a link can be provided, alongside the pseudo-link, <nowiki>[[Altcat:Help 2| ]][[Special:Whatlinkshere/Altcat:Help 2|Help 2]]</nowiki> gives "[[Altcat:Help 2| ]][[Special:Whatlinkshere/Altcat:Help 2|Cat:Help 2]]", or in the template: <nowiki>{{:Altcat:Help 4}}</nowiki> gives "{{:Altcat:Help 4}}".

Except in the case that the link is put in the template (it can also be put alongside the template tag), a redirect can specify a supercategory. As opposed to actual categories, the backlinks can show a tree structure: not only pages and subcategories, but also the contents of the subcategories (for each a list of pages and a list of sub-subcategories) and the contents of the sub-subcategories (for each a list of pages and a list of sub-sub-subcategories), but not the contents of the sub-sub-subcategories, up to three levels are shown; see [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Altcat:Help|Cat:Help]] and [[w:en:Special:Whatlinkshere/Cat:Municipalities of the Netherlands|Cat:Municipalities of the Netherlands]].

2005-09-30T17:15:00Z

Fisherad:

==TeX==

[[MediaWiki]] uses '''[[en:TeX|TeX]] markup''' for mathematical formulae. It generates either [[en:PNG|PNG]] images or simple [[en:HTML|HTML]] markup, depending on [[Help:Preferences#Rendering_math|user preferences]] and the complexity of the expression. In the future, as more browsers are smarter, it will be able to generate enhanced HTML or even [[en:MathML|MathML]] in many cases.

Math markup goes inside ''<nowiki><math> ... </math></nowiki>''. The [[help:edit toolbar|edit toolbar]] has a button for this.

MediaWiki templates, variables and parameters cannot be used within math tags, see [[Template talk:Demo of attempt to use parameters within TeX]].

The PNG images are black on white (not transparent). These colors, as well as font sizes and types, are independent of browser settings or css. Font sizes and types will often deviate from what HTML renders. The [[Help:User_style#CSS_selectors|css selector]] of the images is img.tex.

In the case of a non-white page background, the white background of the formula effectively highlights it, which can be an advantage or a disadvantage.

One may want to avoid using TeX markup as part of a line of regular text, as the formulae don't align properly and the font size, as said, usually does not match.

The alt attribute of the TeX images (the text that is displayed if your browser can't display images; Internet Explorer even shows it up in the hover box) is the wikitext that produced them, excluding the <nowiki><math> and </math></nowiki>.

Discussion, bug reports and feature requests should go to the [[Mailing_list#Wikitech|Wikitech-l mailing list]]. These can also be filed on [http://bugzilla.wikipedia.org Mediazilla] under ''MediaWiki extensions''.

==General==

Spaces and newlines are ignored. Apart from function and operator names, as is customary in mathematics for variables, letters are in italics; digits are not. For other text, to avoid being rendered in italics like variables, use <code>\mbox</code>: <code><nowiki><math>\mbox{abc}</math></nowiki></code> gives <math>\mbox{abc}</math>

Line breaks help keep the wikitext clear, for instance, a line break after each term or matrix row.

== Functions, symbols, special characters ==

For producing special characters without math tags, see [[Help:Special characters]].

Comparison:
*<tt>&alpha;</tt> gives α, <tt><nowiki><math>\alpha</math></nowiki></tt> gives <math>\alpha</math> ("<tt>&</tt>" and "<tt>;</tt>" vs. "<tt>\</tt>", in this case the same code word "<tt>alpha</tt>"
*<tt>&radic;2</tt> gives √2, <tt><nowiki><math>\sqrt{2}</math></nowiki></tt> gives <math>\sqrt{2}</math> (the same difference as above, but also another code word, "<tt>radic</tt>" vs. "<tt>sqrt</tt>"; in TeX braces)
*<tt>&radic;(1-<nowiki>''e''</nowiki>&sup2;)</tt> gives √(1-''e''²), <tt><nowiki><math>\sqrt{1-e^2}</math></nowiki></tt> gives <math>\sqrt{1-e^2}</math> (parentheses vs. braces, "<tt><nowiki>''e''</nowiki></tt>" vs. "<tt>e</tt>", "<tt>&sup2;</tt>" vs. "<tt>^2</tt>")

{| border="1"
|-
! Feature
! Syntax
! How it looks [[w:Rendering (computer graphics)|render]]ed
|-
| Accents/Diacritics
| \acute{a} \quad \grave{a} \quad \breve{a} \quad \check{a} \quad \tilde{a}
| <math>\acute{a} \quad \grave{a} \quad \breve{a} \quad \check{a} \quad \tilde{a}</math>
|-
| Std. functions (good)
| \sin x + \ln y +\operatorname{sgn} z<br/>
\sin a \ \cos b \ \tan c \ \cot d \ \sec e \ \csc f<br/>
\sinh g \ \cosh h \ \tanh i \ \coth j<br/>
\arcsin k \ \arccos l \ \arctan m<br/>
\lim n \ \limsup o \ \liminf p<br/>
\min q \ \max r \ \inf s \ \sup t<br/>
\exp u \ \lg v \ \log w<br/>
\ker x \ \deg x \gcd x \Pr x \ \det x \hom x \ \arg x \dim x
| <math>\sin x + \ln y +\operatorname{sgn} z</math><br/>
<math>\sin a \ \cos b \ \tan c \ \cot d \ \sec e \ \csc f</math><br/>
<math>\sinh g \ \cosh h \ \tanh i \ \coth j</math><br/>
<math>\arcsin k \ \arccos l \ \arctan m</math><br/>
<math>\lim n \ \limsup o \ \liminf p</math><br/>
<math>\min q \ \max r \ \inf s \ \sup t</math><br/>
<math>\exp u \ \lg v \ \log w</math><br/>
<math>\ker x \ \deg x \gcd x \Pr x \ \det x \hom x \ \arg x \dim x</math>
|-
| Std. functions (wrong)
| sin x + ln y + sgn z
| <math>sin x + ln y + sgn z\,\!</math>
|-
| Modular arithmetic
| s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}<br/>
a \bmod b
| <math>s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}</math><br/>
<math>a \bmod b\,\!</math>
|-
| Derivatives
| \nabla \; \partial x \; dx \; \dot x \; \ddot y
| <math>\nabla \; \partial x \; dx \; \dot x \; \ddot y</math>
|-
| rowspan="2" | Sets<br/>
(Square symbols may not work for some wikis)
| \forall \; \exists \; \empty \; \emptyset \; \varnothing \in \ni \not\in \notin<br/>
\subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq \cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus
| <math>\forall \; \exists \; \empty \; \emptyset \; \varnothing \in \ni \not\in \notin</math><br/>
<math>\subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq \cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus</math>
|-
| \sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup
| <math>\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup</math>
|-
| Logic
| p \land \wedge \; \bigwedge \; \bar{q} \to p\ lor \vee \; \bigvee \; \lnot \; \neg q \; \setminus \; \smallsetminus
| <math>p \land \wedge \; \bigwedge \; \bar{q} \to p \lor \vee \; \bigvee \; \lnot \; \neg q \; \setminus \; \smallsetminus</math>
|-
| rowspan="2" | Root
| \sqrt{2}\approx 1.4
| <math>\sqrt{2}\approx 1.4</math>
|-
| \sqrt[n]{x}
| <math>\sqrt[n]{x}</math>
|-
| Relations
| \sim \; \approx \; \simeq \; \cong \; \le \; < \; \ll \; \gg \; \ge \; > \; \equiv \; \not\equiv \; \ne \; \propto \; \pm \; \mp
| <math>\sim \; \approx \; \simeq \; \cong \; \le \; < \; \ll \; \gg \; \ge \; > \; \equiv \; \not\equiv \; \ne \; \propto \; \pm \; \mp</math>
|-
| Geometric
| \Diamond \; \Box \; \triangle \; \angle \; \perp \; \mid \; \nmid \; <nowiki>\|</nowiki> \; 45^\circ
| <math>\Diamond \; \Box \; \triangle \; \angle \; \perp \; \mid \; \nmid \; \| \; 45^\circ</math>
|-
| rowspan="3" | Arrows<br/>
(Harpoons may not work for some wikis)
| \leftarrow \; \gets \; \rightarrow \; \to \; \leftrightarrow<br/>
\longleftarrow \; \longrightarrow<br/>
\mapsto \; \longmapsto \; \hookrightarrow \; \hookleftarrow<br/>
\nearrow \; \searrow \; \swarrow \; \nwarrow<br/>
\uparrow \; \downarrow \; \updownarrow
| <math>\leftarrow \; \gets \; \rightarrow \; \to \; \leftrightarrow</math><br/>
<math>\longleftarrow \; \longrightarrow</math><br/>
<math>\mapsto \; \longmapsto \; \hookrightarrow \; \hookleftarrow</math><br/>
<math>\nearrow \; \searrow \; \swarrow \; \nwarrow</math><br/>
<math>\uparrow \; \downarrow \; \updownarrow</math>
|-
| \rightharpoonup \; \rightharpoondown \; \leftharpoonup \; \leftharpoondown \; \upharpoonleft \; \upharpoonright \; \downharpoonleft \; \downharpoonright
| <math>\rightharpoonup \; \rightharpoondown \; \leftharpoonup \; \leftharpoondown \; \upharpoonleft \; \upharpoonright \; \downharpoonleft \; \downharpoonright</math>
|-
| \Leftarrow \; \Rightarrow \; \Leftrightarrow<br/>
\Longleftarrow \; \Longrightarrow \; \Longleftrightarrow (or \iff)<br/>
\Uparrow \; \Downarrow \; \Updownarrow
| <math>\Leftarrow \; \Rightarrow \; \Leftrightarrow</math><br/>
<math>\Longleftarrow \; \Longrightarrow \; \Longleftrightarrow (or \iff)</math><br/>
<math>\Uparrow \; \Downarrow \; \Updownarrow</math>
|-
| Special
| \eth \; \S \; \P \; \% \; \dagger \; \ddagger \; \star \; * \; \ldots<br/>
\smile \frown \wr \oplus \bigoplus \otimes \bigotimes<br/>
\times \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top \vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert<br/>
\imath \; \hbar \; \ell \; \mho \; \Finv \; \Re \; \Im \; \wp \; \complement \quad \diamondsuit \; \heartsuit \; \clubsuit \; \spadesuit \; \Game \quad \flat \; \natural \; \sharp
| <math>\eth \; \S \; \P \; \% \; \dagger \; \ddagger \; \star \; * \; \ldots</math><br/>
<math>\smile \frown \wr \oplus \bigoplus \otimes \bigotimes</math><br/>
<math>\times \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top \vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert</math><br/>
<math>\imath \; \hbar \; \ell \; \mho \; \Finv \; \Re \; \Im \; \wp \; \complement \quad \diamondsuit \; \heartsuit \; \clubsuit \; \spadesuit \; \Game \quad \flat \; \natural \; \sharp</math>
|-
| Lowercase \mathcal has some extras
| \mathcal {45abcdenpqstuvwx}
| <math>\mathcal {45abcdenpqstuvwx}</math>
|}

== Subscripts, superscripts, integrals ==
<table border="1">

<tr>
<th>Feature</th>
<th>Syntax</th>
<th colspan="2">How it looks rendered</th>
</tr>

<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th>HTML</th>
<th>PNG</th>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Superscript</td>
<td>a^2</td>
<td><math>a^2</math></td>
<td><math>a^2 \,\!</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Subscript</td>
<td>a_2</td>
<td><math>a_2</math></td>
<td><math>a_2 \,\!</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td rowspan="2">Grouping</td>
<td>a^{2+2}</td>
<td><math>a^{2+2}</math></td>
<td><math>a^{2+2}\,\!</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>a_{i,j}</td>
<td><math>a_{i,j}</math></td>
<td><math>a_{i,j}\,\!</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Combining sub & super</td>
<td>x_2^3</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>x_2^3</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Preceding sub & super</td>
<td>{}_1^2\!X_3^4</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>{}_1^2\!X_3^4</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Derivative (good)</td>
<td>x', y<nowiki>''</nowiki></td>
<td><math>x', y''</math></td>
<td><math>x', y''\,\!</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Derivative (wrong in HTML)</td>
<td>x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}</td>
<td><math>x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}</math></td>
<td><math>x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}\,\!</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Derivative (wrong in PNG)</td>
<td>x\prime, y\prime\prime</td>
<td><math>x\prime, y\prime\prime</math></td>
<td><math>x\prime, y\prime\prime\,\!</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Derivative dots</td>
<td>\dot{x}, \ddot{x}</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\dot{x}, \ddot{x}</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Underlines, overlines, vectors</td>
<td>\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c \ \overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f} \ \overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c \ \overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f} \ \overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Overbraces</td>
<td>
\begin{matrix} 5050 \\ \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 } \end{matrix}
</td>
<td colspan="2">
<math>\begin{matrix} 5050 \\ \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 } \end{matrix}</math>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Underbraces</td>
<td>
\begin{matrix} \underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z } \\ 26 \end{matrix}
</td>
<td colspan="2">
<math>\begin{matrix} \underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z } \\ 26 \end{matrix}</math>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Sum</td>
<td>\sum_{k=1}^N k^2</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\sum_{k=1}^N k^2</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Product</td>
<td>\prod_{i=1}^N x_i</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\prod_{i=1}^N x_i</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Coproduct</td>
<td>\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Limit</td>
<td>\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Integral</td>
<td>\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Double integral</td>
<td>\iint_{D}^{W} \, dx\,dy</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\iint_{D}^{W} \, dx\,dy</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Triple integral</td>
<td>\iiint_{E}^{V} \, dx\,dy\,dz</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\iiint_{E}^{V} \, dx\,dy\,dz</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Quadruple integral</td>
<td>\iiiint_{F}^{U} \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\iiiint_{F}^{U} \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Path integral</td>
<td>\oint_{C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\oint_{C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Intersections</td>
<td>\bigcap_1^{n} p</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\bigcap_1^{n} p</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Unions</td>
<td>\bigcup_1^{k} p</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\bigcup_1^{k} p</math></td>
</tr>
</table>

== Fractions, matrices, multilines ==
<table border="1">

<tr>
<th>Feature</th>
<th>Syntax</th>
<th>How it looks rendered</th>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Fractions</td>
<td>\frac{2}{4} or {2 \over 4}</td>
<td><math>\frac{2}{4}</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Binomial coefficients</td>
<td>{n \choose k}</td>
<td><math>{n \choose k}</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Small Fractions</td>
<td>\begin{matrix} \frac{2}{4} \end{matrix}</td>
<td><math>\begin{matrix} \frac{2}{4} \end{matrix}</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td rowspan="6">Matrices</td>
<td>\begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{matrix}</td>
<td><math>\begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{matrix}</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>\begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{vmatrix}</td>
<td><math>\begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{vmatrix}</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>\begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Vmatrix}</td>
<td><math>\begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{Vmatrix}</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ \vdots &
\ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots &
0\end{bmatrix}</td>
<td><math>\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ \vdots
& \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots &
0\end{bmatrix} </math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>\begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Bmatrix}</td>
<td><math>\begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{Bmatrix}</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>\begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{pmatrix}</td>
<td><math>\begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{pmatrix}</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Case distinctions</td>
<td>f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\ 3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} \end{cases}</td>
<td><math>f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\ 3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} \end{cases} </math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Multiline equations</td>
<td>\begin{matrix}f(n+1) & = & (n+1)^2 \\ \ &
= & n^2 + 2n + 1 \end{matrix}</td>
<td><math>\begin{matrix}f(n+1) & = & (n+1)^2 \\ \ & = & n^2 + 2n + 1 \end{matrix}</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Alternative multiline equations (using tables)</td>
<td><pre>
<nowiki>
{|
|-
|<math>f(n+1)</math>
|<math>=(n+1)^2</math>
|-
|
|<math>=n^2 + 2n + 1</math>
|}
</nowiki>
</pre>
</td>
<td>
{|
|-
|<math>f(n+1) \,\!</math>
|<math>=(n+1)^2 \,\!</math>
|-
|
|<math>=n^2 + 2n + 1 \,\!</math>
|}
</td>
</tr>

</table>

== Fonts ==

<table border="1">

<tr>
<th>Feature</th>
<th>Syntax</th>
<th colspan="2">How it looks rendered</th>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>[[en:Greek alphabet|Greek alphabet]]<br/>(Note the lack of omicron; note also that several upper case Greek letters are rendered identically to the corresponding Roman ones)</td>
<td>
\Alpha\ \Beta\ \Gamma\ \Delta\ \Epsilon\ \Zeta\ \Eta\ \Theta\ \Iota\ \Kappa\ \Lambda\ \Mu\ \Nu\ \Xi\ \Pi\ \Rho\ \Sigma\ \Tau\ \Upsilon\ \Phi\ \Chi\ \Psi\ \Omega<br/><br/>
\alpha\ \beta\ \gamma\ \delta\ \epsilon\ \zeta\ \eta\ \theta\ \iota\ \kappa\ \lambda\ \mu\ \nu\ \xi\ \pi\ \rho\ \sigma\ \tau\ \upsilon\ \phi\ \chi\ \psi\ \omega<br/><br/>
\varepsilon\ \digamma\ \vartheta\ \varkappa\ \varpi\ \varrho\ \varsigma\ \varphi
</td>
<td colspan="2">
<math>\Alpha\ \Beta\ \Gamma\ \Delta\ \Epsilon\ \Zeta\ \Eta\ \Theta\ \Iota\ \Kappa\ \Lambda\ \Mu\ \Nu\ \Xi\ \Pi\ \Rho\ \Sigma\ \Tau\ \Upsilon\ \Phi\ \Chi\ \Psi\ \Omega</math><br/><br/>
<math>\alpha\ \beta\ \gamma\ \delta\ \epsilon\ \zeta\ \eta\ \theta\ \iota\ \kappa\ \lambda\ \mu\ \nu\ \xi\ \pi\ \rho\ \sigma\ \tau\ \upsilon\ \phi\ \chi\ \psi\ \omega</math><br/><br/>
<math>\varepsilon\ \digamma\ \vartheta\ \varkappa\ \varpi\ \varrho\ \varsigma\ \varphi</math>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>[[en:Blackboard bold|blackboard bold]]</td>
<td>\mathbb{N}\ \mathbb{Z}\ \mathbb{Q}\ \mathbb{R}\ \mathbb{C}</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\mathbb{N}\ \mathbb{Z}\ \mathbb{Q}\ \mathbb{R}\ \mathbb{C}</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>[[en:boldface|boldface]] (vectors)</td>
<td>\mathbf{x}\cdot\mathbf{y} = 0</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\mathbf{x}\cdot\mathbf{y} = 0</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>boldface (greek)</td>
<td>\boldsymbol{\alpha} + \boldsymbol{\beta} + \boldsymbol{\gamma}</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\boldsymbol{\alpha} + \boldsymbol{\beta} + \boldsymbol{\gamma}</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>italics</td>
<td>\mathit{ABCDE abcde 1234}</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\mathit{ABCDE abcde 1234}\,\!</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>[[en:Roman typeface|Roman typeface]]</td>
<td>\mathrm{ABCDE abcde 1234}</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\mathrm{ABCDE abcde 1234}\,\!</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>[[en:Fraktur (typeface)|Fraktur typeface]]</td>
<td>\mathfrak{ABCDE abcde 1234}</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\mathfrak{ABCDE abcde 1234}</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Calligraphy/Script</td>
<td>\mathcal{ABCDE abcde 1234}</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\mathcal{ABCDE abcde 1234}</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>[[en:Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]]</td>
<td>\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\aleph\ \beth\ \gimel\ \daleth</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>non-italicised characters</td>
<td>\mbox{abc}</td>
<td><math>\mbox{abc}</math></td>
<td><math>\mbox{abc} \,\!</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>mixed italics (bad)</td>
<td>\mbox{if} n \mbox{is even}</td>
<td><math>\mbox{if} n \mbox{is even}</math></td>
<td><math>\mbox{if} n \mbox{is even} \,\!</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>mixed italics (good)</td>
<td>\mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even}</td>
<td><math>\mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even}</math></td>
<td><math>\mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \,\!</math></td>
</tr>

</table>

== Parenthesizing big expressions, brackets, bars ==
<table border="1">

<tr>
<th>Feature</th>
<th>Syntax</th>
<th>How it looks rendered</th>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Not good</td>
<td>( \frac{1}{2} )</td>
<td><math>( \frac{1}{2} )</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Better</td>
<td>\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )</td>
<td><math>\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )</math></td>
</tr>

</table>

You can use various delimiters with \left and \right:

<table border="1">

<tr>
<th>Feature</th>
<th>Syntax</th>
<th>How it looks rendered</th>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Parentheses</td>
<td>\left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )</td>
<td><math>\left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Brackets</td>
<td>\left [ \frac{a}{b} \right ] \quad \left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack</td>
<td><math>\left [ \frac{a}{b} \right ] \quad \left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Braces</td>
<td>\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \} \quad \left \lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace</td>
<td><math>\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \} \quad \left \lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Angle brackets</td>
<td>\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle</td>
<td><math>\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Bars and double bars</td>
<td>\left | \frac{a}{b} \right \vert \left \Vert \frac{c}{d} \right \|</td>
<td><math>\left | \frac{a}{b} \right \vert \left \Vert \frac{c}{d} \right \|</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Floor and ceiling functions:</td>
<td>\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor \left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil</td>
<td><math>\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor \left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Slashes and backslashes</td>
<td>\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash</td>
<td><math>\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Up, down and up-down arrows</td>
<td>\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow \quad \left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow \quad \left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow</td>
<td><math>\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow \quad \left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow \quad \left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
Delimiters can be mixed,<br/>as long as \left and \right match
</td>
<td>
\left [ 0,1 \right )<br/>\left \langle \psi \right |
</td>
<td>
<math>\left [ 0,1 \right )</math><br/><math>\left \langle \psi \right |</math>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Use \left. and \right. if you don't<br/>want a delimiter to appear:</td>
<td>\left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X</td>
<td><math>\left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td rowspan="5">Size of the delimiters</td>
<td>\big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( ... \Bigg] \bigg] \Big] \big]</td>
<td colspan="2">
<math>\big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( ... \Bigg] \bigg] \Big] \big]</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\big\{ \Big\{ \bigg\{ \Bigg\{ ... \Bigg\rangle \bigg\rangle \Big\rangle \big\rangle</td>
<td colspan="2">
<math>\big\{ \Big\{ \bigg\{ \Bigg\{ ... \Bigg\rangle \bigg\rangle \Big\rangle \big\rangle</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\big\| \Big\| \bigg\| \Bigg\| ... \Bigg| \bigg| \Big| \big|</td>
<td colspan="2"><math>\big\| \Big\| \bigg\| \Bigg\| ... \Bigg| \bigg| \Big| \big|</math></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\big\lfloor \Big\lfloor \bigg\lfloor \Bigg\lfloor ... \Bigg\rceil \bigg\rceil \Big\rceil \big\rceil</td>
<td colspan="2">
<math>\big\lfloor \Big\lfloor \bigg\lfloor \Bigg\lfloor ... \Bigg\rceil \bigg\rceil \Big\rceil \big\rceil</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow \Bigg\uparrow ... \Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow \big\Downarrow</td>
<td colspan="2">
<math>\big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow \Bigg\uparrow ... \Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow \big\Downarrow</math>
</td>
</tr>

</table>

== Spacing ==
Note that TeX handles most spacing automatically, but you may sometimes want manual control.
<table border="1">

<tr>
<th>Feature</th>
<th>Syntax</th>
<th>How it looks rendered</th>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>double quad space</td>
<td>a \qquad b</td>
<td><math>a \qquad b</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>quad space</td>
<td>a \quad b</td>
<td><math>a \quad b</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>text space</td>
<td>a\ b</td>
<td><math>a\ b</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>text space without PNG conversion</td>
<td>a \mbox{ } b</td>
<td><math>a \mbox{ } b</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>large space</td>
<td>a\;b</td>
<td><math>a\;b</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>medium space</td>
<td>a\>b</td>
<td>[not supported]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>small space</td>
<td>a\,b</td>
<td><math>a\,b</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>no space</td>
<td>ab</td>
<td><math>ab\,</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>negative space</td>
<td>a\!b</td>
<td><math>a\!b</math></td>
</tr>

</table>

== Align with normal text flow ==
Due to the default css

<pre>img.tex { vertical-align: middle; }</pre>

an inline expression like <math>\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</math> should look good.

If you need to align it otherwise, use <tt><nowiki><font style="vertical-align:-100%;"><math>...</math></font></nowiki></tt> and play with the <tt>vertical-align</tt> argument until you get it right; however, how it looks may depend on the browser and the browser settings.

== Forced PNG rendering ==

To force the formula to render as PNG, add <tt>\,</tt> (small space) at the end of the formula (where it is not rendered). This will force PNG if the user is in "HTML if simple" mode, but not for "HTML if possible" mode (math rendering settings in [[help:Preferences|preferences]]).

You can also use <tt>\,\!</tt> (small space and negative space, which cancel out) anywhere inside the math tags. This ''does'' force PNG even in "HTML if possible" mode, unlike <tt>\,</tt>.

This could be useful to keep the rendering of formulae in a proof consistent, for example, or to fix formulae that render incorrectly in HTML (at one time, a^{2+2} rendered with an extra underscore), or to demonstrate how something is rendered when it would normally show up as HTML (as in the examples above).

For instance:

<table border="1">

<tr>
<th>Syntax</th>
<th>How it looks rendered</th>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>a^{c+2}</td>
<td><math>a^{c+2}</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>a^{c+2} \,</td>
<td><math>a^{c+2} \,</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>a^{\,\!c+2}</td>
<td><math>a^{\,\!c+2}</math> </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>a^{b^{c+2}}</td>
<td><math>a^{b^{c+2}}</math> (WRONG with option "HTML if possible or else PNG"!)</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>a^{b^{c+2}} \,</td>
<td><math>a^{b^{c+2}} \,</math> (WRONG with option "HTML if possible or else PNG"!)</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>a^{b^{c+2}}\approx 5</td>
<td><math>a^{b^{c+2}}\approx 5</math> (due to "<math>\approx</math>" correctly displayed, no code "\,\!" needed)</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>a^{b^{\,\!c+2}}</td>
<td><math>a^{b^{\,\!c+2}}</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</td>
<td><math>\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx \,</td>
<td><math>\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx \,</math></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx \,\!</td>
<td><math>\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx \,\!</math></td>
</tr>

</table>

This has been tested with most of the formulae on this page, and seems to work perfectly.

You might want to include a comment in the HTML so people don't "correct" the formula by removing it:

:''<nowiki></nowiki>''

* [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing General help] for editing a Wiki page
* How to [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Formula enter equations] for a Wiki page
* Sample TeX equations
== Examples ==

<center>
===Quadratic Polynomial===
<math>x_1 = a^2 + b^2 + c^2</math>

<nowiki><math>x_1 = a^2 + b^2 + c^2 </math></nowiki>

===Quadratic Formula===

<math>x_{1,55}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}</math>

<nowiki><math>x_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}</math></nowiki>

===Parentheses and fractions===

<math>\left(3-x\right) \times \left( \frac{2}{3-x} \right) = \left(3-x\right) \times \left( \frac{3}{2-x} \right)</math>

<nowiki><math>\left(3-x\right) \times \left( \frac{2}{3-x} \right) =</nowiki>
<nowiki>\left(3-x\right) \times \left( \frac{3}{2-x} \right)</math></nowiki>

===Tall Parentheses and fractions ===

<math>2 = \left( \frac{\left(3-x\right) \times 3}{2-x} \right)</math>

<nowiki><math>2 = \left( \frac{\left(3-x\right) \times 3}{2-x} \right)</math></nowiki>

===Force Rendering===

<math>4-2x = 9-3x \!</math>

<nowiki><math>4-2x = 9-3x \!</math></nowiki>

===Force Rendering===

<math>-2x+3x = 9-4 \!</math>

<nowiki><math>-2x+3x = 9-4 \!</math></nowiki>

===Integrals===

<math>\int_a^x \int_a^s f(y)\,dy\,ds = \int_a^x (y)(x-y)\,dy\,</math>

<nowiki><math>\int_a^x \int_a^s f(y)\,dy\,ds = \int_a^x f(y)(x-y)\,dy\,</math></nowiki>

===Summation===

<math>\sum_{m=1}^\infty\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{m^2\,n}{3^m\left(m\,3^n+n\,3^m\right)}</math>

<nowiki><math>\sum_{m=1}^\infty\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{m^2\,n}</nowiki>
<nowiki>{3^m\left(m\,3^n+n\,3^m\right)}</math></nowiki>

=== Differential Equation ===

<math>u'' + p(x)u' + q(x)u=f(x),\,\,\,x>a</math>

<nowiki><math>u'' + p(x)u' + q(x)u=f(x),\,\,\,x>a</math></nowiki>

===Example===

<math>|\bar{z}| = |z|, |(\bar{z})^n| = |z|^n, \arg(z^n) = n \arg(z)\,</math>

<nowiki><math>|\bar{z}| = |z|, |(\bar{z})^n| = |z|^n, \arg(z^n) = n \arg(z)\,</math></nowiki>

===Limits===
<math>\lim_{z\rightarrow z_0} f(z)=f(z_0)\,</math>

<nowiki><math>\lim_{z\rightarrow z_0} f(z)=f(z_0)\,</math></nowiki>

===Integral Equation===

<math>\phi_n(\kappa) = \frac{1}{4\pi^2\kappa^2} \int_0^\infty \frac{\sin(\kappa R)}{\kappa R} \frac{\partial}{\partial R}\left[R^2\frac{\partial D_n(R)}{\partial R}\right]\,dR\,</math>

<nowiki><math>\phi_n(\kappa) = \frac{1}{4\pi^2\kappa^2} \int_0^\infty</nowiki>
<nowiki>\frac{\sin(\kappa R)}{\kappa R} \frac{\partial}{\partial R}\left[R^2\frac{\partial</nowiki>
<nowiki>D_n(R)}{\partial R}\right]\,dR\,</math></nowiki>

===Example===
<math>\int_0^\infty x^\alpha \sin(x)\,dx = 2^\alpha \sqrt{\pi}\, \frac{\Gamma(\frac{\alpha}{2}+1)}{\Gamma(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\alpha}{2})}\,</math>

<nowiki><math>\int_0^\infty x^\alpha \sin(x)\,dx = 2^\alpha \sqrt{\pi}\,</nowiki>
<nowiki>\frac{\Gamma(\frac{\alpha}{2}+1)}{\Gamma(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\alpha}{2})}\,</math></nowiki>

===Example===
<math>\phi_n(\kappa) = 0.033C_n^2\kappa^{-11/3},\,\,\,\frac{1}{L_0}<\!\!<\kappa<\!\!<\frac{1}{l_0}\,</math>

<nowiki><math>\phi_n(\kappa) = </nowiki>
<nowiki>0.033C_n^2\kappa^{-11/3},\,\,\,\frac{1}{L_0}<\!\!<\kappa<\!\!<\frac{1}{l_0}\,</math></nowiki>

===Example===
<math>f(x) = {a_0\over 2} + \sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n\cos\left({2n\pi x \over T}\right) + b_n\sin\left({2n\pi x\over T}\right)\,</math>

<nowiki><math>f(x) = {a_0\over 2} + \sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n\cos\left({2n\pi x \over T}\right) +</nowiki>
<nowiki>b_n\sin\left({2n\pi x\over T}\right)\,</math></nowiki>

===Continuation and cases===
<math>f(x) = \begin{cases}1 & -1 \le x < 0\\
\frac{1}{2} & x = 0\\x&0<x\le 1\end{cases}</math>

<nowiki>f(x) = \begin{cases}1 & -1 \le x < 0\\</nowiki>
<nowiki>\frac{1}{2} & x = 0\\x&0<x\le 1\end{cases}</nowiki>

===Example===
<math>\Gamma(z) = \int_0^\infty e^{-t} t^{z-1} \,dt\,</math>

<nowiki><math>\Gamma(z) = \int_0^\infty e^{-t} t^{z-1} \,dt\,</math></nowiki>

===Example===
<math>J_p(z) = \sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{(-1)^k\left(\frac{z}{2}\right)^{2k+p}}{k!\Gamma(k+p+1)}\,</math>

<nowiki><math>J_p(z) = \sum_{k=0}^\infty</nowiki>
<nowiki>\frac{(-1)^k\left(\frac{z}{2}\right)^{2k+p}}{k!\Gamma(k+p+1)}\,</math></nowiki>
===Example===
<math>{}_pF_q(a_1,...,a_p;c_1,...,c_q;z) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{(a_1)_n\cdot\cdot\cdot(a_p)_n}{(c_1)_n\cdot\cdot\cdot(c_q)_n}\frac{z^n}{n!}\,</math>

<nowiki> <math>{}_pF_q(a_1,...,a_p;c_1,...,c_q;z) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty</nowiki>
<nowiki>\frac{(a_1)_n\cdot\cdot\cdot(a_p)_n}{(c_1)_n\cdot\cdot\cdot(c_q)_n}\frac{z^n}{n!}\,</math></nowiki>

===Gamma Function===

<math>\Gamma(n+1) = n \Gamma(n), \; n>0</math>

<nowiki><math>\Gamma(n+1) = n \Gamma(n), \; n>0</math></nowiki>

===Example===
<nowiki><math>\int_0^1 \frac{1}{\sqrt{-\ln x}} dx\,</math></nowiki>

<math>\int_0^1 \frac{1}{\sqrt{-\ln x}} dx\,</math>

===Example===
<math>\int_0^\infty e^{-st}t^{x-1}\,dt,\,\,\,s>0\,</math>

<nowiki><math>\int_0^\infty e^{-st}t^{x-1}\,dt,\,\,\,s>0\,</math></nowiki>

===Example===
<math>B(u) = \sum_{k=0}^N {P_k}{N! \over k!(N - k)!}{u^k}(1 - u)^{N-k}\,</math>

<nowiki><math>B(u) = \sum_{k=0}^N {P_k}{N! \over k!(N - k)!}{u^k}(1 - </nowiki>
<nowiki>u)^{N-k}\,</math></nowiki>

===Example===
<math>u(x,y) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\int_0^\infty f(\xi)\left[g(|x+\xi|,y)+g(|x-\xi|,y)\right]\,d\xi\,</math>

<nowiki><math>u(x,y) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\int_0^\infty </nowiki>
<nowiki>f(\xi)\left[g(|x+\xi|,y)+g(|x-\xi|,y)\right]\,d\xi\,</math></nowiki>

</center>

==See also==
*[[w:Wikipedia:How_to_write_a_Wikipedia_article_on_Mathematics#Typesetting_of_mathematical_formulas|Typesetting of mathematical formulas]]
* Proposed [[GNU LilyPond support]]
*[[w:en:Table of mathematical symbols]]
*[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Mathematics/Archive10#blahtex: a LaTeX to MathML converter|blahtex: a LaTeX to MathML converter for Wikipedia]] or [[Blahtex]]

== External Links ==
* A LaTeX tutorial. http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwilkins/LaTeXPrimer/
* A [[en:Portable Document Format|PDF]] document introducing TeX -- see page 39 onwards for a good introduction to the maths side of things: http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/gentle/gentle.pdf
* A PDF document introducing LaTeX -- skip to page 59 for the math section. See page 72 for a complete reference list of symbols included in LaTeX and AMS-LaTeX. http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/lshort/english/lshort.pdf
* TeX reference card: http://www.csit.fsu.edu/~mimi/tex/tex-refcard-letter.pdf
* http://www.ams.org/tex/amslatex.html
* A set of public domain fixed-size math symbol bitmaps: http://us.metamath.org/symbols/symbols.html

{{H:f|langs=|enname=Formula}}

Ajuda:Anchors

2005-09-30T17:10:45Z

Fisherad: /* Referencing anchors */

It is possible to link to a specific portion of a page.

==Setting anchors==
* [[headers]] automatically become html anchors, which can be linked to.
* The <a> tag is not allowed in MediaWiki, so we can't do the <a name="link here">, but we can do the "id" html attribute to almost any existing tag. For example, <nowiki><div id="what_to_link_to">text</div></nowiki>.

==Referencing anchors==
inside a regular wiki link <nowiki>[[page#anchor_name|shown_up_as]]</nowiki>, include the hash sign (#) and the header name or the id tag name as you have written it.

Ajuda:Anchors

2005-09-30T17:10:12Z

Fisherad:

Ajuda:URL

2005-09-30T17:09:34Z

Fisherad: /* See also */

2005-09-30T17:05:18Z

Fisherad: /* Constant, only depending on the project and parameters */

Ajuda:Variable

2005-09-30T16:49:21Z

Fisherad:

This is a list of '''variables''' that can be used in the wikitext. The way they are rendered depends on the time, on the project, or on the page in which it occurs.

On the left is the variable, on the right how it is rendered at this time, in this project, on this page.

The names of the variables form part of the set of so-called "[[Help:Magic words|magic words]]" the system uses. [http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/wikipedia/phase3/includes/MagicWord.php]

==Constant, only depending on the project and parameters==
{|
| <nowiki>{{ns:-2}} or {{ns:Media}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:-2}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:-1}} or {{ns:Special}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:-1}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:1}} or {{ns:Talk}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:1}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:2}} or {{ns:User}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:2}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:3}} or {{ns:User_talk}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:3}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:4}} or {{ns:Project}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:4}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:5}} or {{ns:Project_talk}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:5}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:6}} or {{ns:Image}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:6}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:7}} or {{ns:Image_talk}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:7}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:8}} or {{ns:MediaWiki}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:8}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:9}} or {{ns:MediaWiki_talk}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:9}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:10}} or {{ns:Template}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:10}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:11}} or {{ns:Template_talk}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:11}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:12}} or {{ns:Help}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:12}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:13}} or {{ns:Help_talk}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:13}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:14}} or {{ns:Category}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:14}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:15}} or {{ns:Category_talk}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:15}}
|-
| depending on custom namespaces: <br><nowiki>{{ns:100}}, {{ns:101}}, etc.</nowiki>
| {{ns:100}}, {{ns:101}}, etc.
|-
|-
| <nowiki>{{SITENAME}}</nowiki>
| {{SITENAME}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{SERVER}}</nowiki>
| {{SERVER}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{localurl:pagename}}</nowiki>
| {{localurl:pagename}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{localurle:pagename}}</nowiki>
| {{localurle:pagename}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{localurl:pagename|</nowiki>''query string''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>
| {{localurl:pagename|''query string''}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{fullurl:pagename}}</nowiki>
| {{fullurl:pagename}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{fullurl:pagename|</nowiki>''query_string''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>
| {{fullurl:pagename|query_string}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{int:fromwikipedia}}</nowiki>
| {{int:fromwikipedia}}

|}

The variable localurl replaces spaces by underscores and special characters by escape codes, e.g. <nowiki>{{</nowiki>localurl:a é}} gives {{localurl:a é}}. The purposes are:
*for a given page name, creating a link in external link style to a page in the same project or a project which uses the same string in the URL between the server name and the page name (on Wikimedia "/wiki/" and "w/index.php?title=") (but see also [[m:Template talk:Pi]]).
*allow the same wikitext to be used in a project that uses a different string, if the target is in that other project or a project which uses the same string

The pagename in localurl should not be written with escape codes: e.g. use <nowiki>{{SERVER}}{{localurl:À}}</nowiki> giving {{SERVER}}{{localurl:À}}, not <nowiki>{{SERVER}}{{localurl:%C3%80}}</nowiki> giving {{SERVER}}{{localurl:%C3%80}} .

Note that localurl does ''not'' convert page names and user names after "target=". This syntax can be avoided by putting the target in the first part of localurl, after the "/":

*[[fr:Special:Whatlinkshere/Économie de Monaco]]
*<nowiki>http://fr.wikipedia.org{{localurl:Special:Recentchangeslinked/Économie de Monaco|hideminor=0&days=100&limit=50}}</nowiki> gives:
**http://fr.wikipedia.org{{localurl:Special:Recentchangeslinked/Économie de Monaco|hideminor=0&days=100&limit=50}}
*<nowiki>http://en.wikipedia.org{{localurl:Special:Contributions/Jimbo Wales|limit=10&offset=200}}</nowiki> gives:
**http://en.wikipedia.org{{localurl:Special:Contributions/Jimbo Wales|limit=10&offset=200}}

Localurle (and its counterpart, fullurle) perform additional character escaping on the resulting link, and are intended for internal use only, and work in wikitext only for backwards-compatibility reasons. The unescaped versions should always be used in wikitext.

The <nowiki>{{fullurl}}</nowiki> variable introduced in recent versions allows the entire link to be specified in one go, without also using <nowiki>{{server}}</nowiki>. This also means it can be used in the same way for local and interwiki links (it being clearly inappropriate to add <nowiki>{{server}}</nowiki> before the latter)

Using {{tcw|url}}, instead of using SERVER and localurl, one can also use e.g. <nowiki>{{url}}abc&action=edit</nowiki> giving {{url}}abc&action=edit

"INT:" is used to get text from the Mediawiki: namespace. If the user's interface language, as specified in Special:Preferences, is the wiki's default language, it will display the contents of [[Mediawiki:pagename]]. If the user has selected another language, it will display the contents of [[Mediawiki:pagename/languagecode]] (e.g. [[Mediawiki:fromwikipedia/fr]] for French) if such a page exists, and of [[Mediawiki:pagename]] if it does not. It is short for "internal".

==Varying with time==
{|
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTH}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTMONTH}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHABBREV}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTMONTHABBREV}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTWEEK}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTWEEK}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTDAY}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTDAY}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTDOW}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTDOW}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTYEAR}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTYEAR}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTTIME}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTTIME}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}</nowiki>
|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}
|}

NUMBEROFARTICLES: number of pages in the main namespace which contain a link and are not a redirect, i.e. number of articles, stubs containing a link, and disambiguation pages.

This depends on system variable $wgUseCommaCount If true, article count will only include those with commas (","). If false, will only count those with links ("[["). The default set in [[Help:Configuration settings index|DefaultSettings.php]] is false, this can be changed in [[LocalSettings.php]]. See also [[Help:Article count]].

CURRENTWEEK is not supported in earlier versions of MediaWiki. It ranges from 1 to 54.

CURRENTDOW is the day of the week, Monday=1, etc.

CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN: is the genitive grammatical form of the month name (used in Finnish).

==Depending on page==

{|
|<nowiki>{{NAMESPACE}}</nowiki>
|{{NAMESPACE}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}</nowiki>
|{{PAGENAME}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{PAGENAMEE}}</nowiki>
|{{PAGENAMEE}}
|}

PAGENAMEE displays the page title in the form that is used in URLs, i.e. with underscores for spaces, and escape codes for special characters, and is therefore used for constructing URLs. For example, on a page called "Grand café", PAGENAMEE would produce "Grand_caf%C3%A9". Do not use PAGENAMEE as the pagename in first part of the variable localurl, see above. See also [[Help:Page name#Variables PAGENAME and PAGENAMEE|<nowiki>Variables PAGENAME and PAGENAMEE</nowiki>]]

When used in a [[help:template|template]], these three variables refer to the page in which the template is included, not to the template page.

== Depending on revision ==

<nowiki>{{REVISIONID}}</nowiki> gives {{REVISIONID}}

REVISIONID displays a unique number identifying a version of a page in the set of all versions of all pages. In the URL the number can be referred to as "old_id<nowiki>=</nowiki>..", even when the version is still the current one. This can be useful on talk pages, and for citation in newspaper, scholar works, etc. When applying such a URL, at the top of the page the date and local time (if not logged in: UTC) are displayed, with a link to the previous version, and a link to the next version (unless at the time of loading the page there is no newer version: in that case the text "Newer revision" appears anyway, but it is not a link; if the version is the first, a link labeled "previous revision" appears anyway, but it leads to the same page)

The [[Help:Page history|page history]] page also uses such a URL.

In a preview the value of REVISIONID is 0.

==Examples of combinations==

<table>
<tr><td><nowiki>{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|</nowiki>action=edit<nowiki>}}</nowiki>
<td>{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}}
<tr><td><nowiki>{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Special:Whatlinkshere|target={{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}}}</nowiki><td>{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Special:Whatlinkshere|target={{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}}}
<tr><td><nowiki>[[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}_1]]</nowiki>
<td>[[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}_1]]
<tr><td><nowiki>{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}_1}}</nowiki>
<td>{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}_1}}
<tr><td><nowiki>{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|oldid={{REVISIONID}}}}</nowiki>
<td> {{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|oldid={{REVISIONID}}
</table>

''[Note that <code><nowiki>{{SERVER}}{{localurl...</nowiki></code> can be replaced by <code><nowiki>{{fullurl...</nowiki></code> in recent versions of the software.]''

As a link the last example is not useful in the page itself, but it gives useful info about the original in a paper or HTML copy of the page, and provides a link to that in the HTML copy. Also the rendered URL can be copied to the wikitext of this or another page, to refer to the version at the time of copying, e.g. http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Variable&oldid=178844 (For the latter purpose one can also use the link targets on the page history page).

As mentioned above, PAGENAME with single E has to be used within localurl, otherwise it does not work with special characters. For example, for a page named É we get <nowiki>{{localurl:É}}</nowiki>, which correctly gives {{localurl:É}} (with <nowiki>{{SERVER}}</nowiki> in front {{SERVER}}{{localurl:É}}, linking to the page É), while <nowiki>{{PAGENAMEE}}</nowiki> gives %C9, and <nowiki>{{localurl:%C9}}</nowiki> gives {{localurl:%C9}}, i.e. it is rendered unchanged, the function localurl is not applied. With <nowiki>{{SERVER}}</nowiki> in front it gives {{SERVER}}{{localurl:%C9}}, which is a dead link reported by the browser, the server is not even reached.

See also [[m:Template:UTC]].

In a template, for a link to a page which depends on a template parameter, the external link style is used even for internal links, to avoid that the system links to the edit page even if the page exists. To construct the external link, variables can also be useful.

==Variables in links==

Variables work also in links:

*<nowiki>[[a{{NAMESPACE}}b|c{{PAGENAME}}d]]</nowiki> gives [[a{{NAMESPACE}}b|c{{PAGENAME}}d]]

==See also==
*[[Help:Template#Images_in_templates|Images in templates]].
*[[Help:Template#subst]] - on applying "subst" to a variable or to a template using a variable
*[[Template:Wikivar]]

{{h:f|langs=|enname=Variable}}

Ajuda:Variable

2005-09-30T16:49:01Z

Fisherad:

{{h:h|editor toc}}

This is a list of '''variables''' that can be used in the wikitext. The way they are rendered depends on the time, on the project, or on the page in which it occurs.

On the left is the variable, on the right how it is rendered at this time, in this project, on this page.

The names of the variables form part of the set of so-called "[[Help:Magic words|magic words]]" the system uses. [http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/wikipedia/phase3/includes/MagicWord.php]

==Constant, only depending on the project and parameters==
{|
| <nowiki>{{ns:-2}} or {{ns:Media}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:-2}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:-1}} or {{ns:Special}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:-1}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:1}} or {{ns:Talk}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:1}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:2}} or {{ns:User}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:2}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:3}} or {{ns:User_talk}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:3}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:4}} or {{ns:Project}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:4}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:5}} or {{ns:Project_talk}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:5}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:6}} or {{ns:Image}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:6}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:7}} or {{ns:Image_talk}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:7}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:8}} or {{ns:MediaWiki}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:8}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:9}} or {{ns:MediaWiki_talk}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:9}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:10}} or {{ns:Template}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:10}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:11}} or {{ns:Template_talk}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:11}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:12}} or {{ns:Help}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:12}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:13}} or {{ns:Help_talk}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:13}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:14}} or {{ns:Category}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:14}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:15}} or {{ns:Category_talk}}</nowiki>
| {{ns:15}}
|-
| depending on custom namespaces: <br><nowiki>{{ns:100}}, {{ns:101}}, etc.</nowiki>
| {{ns:100}}, {{ns:101}}, etc.
|-
|-
| <nowiki>{{SITENAME}}</nowiki>
| {{SITENAME}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{SERVER}}</nowiki>
| {{SERVER}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{localurl:pagename}}</nowiki>
| {{localurl:pagename}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{localurle:pagename}}</nowiki>
| {{localurle:pagename}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{localurl:pagename|</nowiki>''query string''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>
| {{localurl:pagename|''query string''}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{fullurl:pagename}}</nowiki>
| {{fullurl:pagename}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{fullurl:pagename|</nowiki>''query_string''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>
| {{fullurl:pagename|query_string}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{int:fromwikipedia}}</nowiki>
| {{int:fromwikipedia}}

|}

The variable localurl replaces spaces by underscores and special characters by escape codes, e.g. <nowiki>{{</nowiki>localurl:a é}} gives {{localurl:a é}}. The purposes are:
*for a given page name, creating a link in external link style to a page in the same project or a project which uses the same string in the URL between the server name and the page name (on Wikimedia "/wiki/" and "w/index.php?title=") (but see also [[m:Template talk:Pi]]).
*allow the same wikitext to be used in a project that uses a different string, if the target is in that other project or a project which uses the same string

The pagename in localurl should not be written with escape codes: e.g. use <nowiki>{{SERVER}}{{localurl:À}}</nowiki> giving {{SERVER}}{{localurl:À}}, not <nowiki>{{SERVER}}{{localurl:%C3%80}}</nowiki> giving {{SERVER}}{{localurl:%C3%80}} .

Note that localurl does ''not'' convert page names and user names after "target=". This syntax can be avoided by putting the target in the first part of localurl, after the "/":

*[[fr:Special:Whatlinkshere/Économie de Monaco]]
*<nowiki>http://fr.wikipedia.org{{localurl:Special:Recentchangeslinked/Économie de Monaco|hideminor=0&days=100&limit=50}}</nowiki> gives:
**http://fr.wikipedia.org{{localurl:Special:Recentchangeslinked/Économie de Monaco|hideminor=0&days=100&limit=50}}
*<nowiki>http://en.wikipedia.org{{localurl:Special:Contributions/Jimbo Wales|limit=10&offset=200}}</nowiki> gives:
**http://en.wikipedia.org{{localurl:Special:Contributions/Jimbo Wales|limit=10&offset=200}}

Localurle (and its counterpart, fullurle) perform additional character escaping on the resulting link, and are intended for internal use only, and work in wikitext only for backwards-compatibility reasons. The unescaped versions should always be used in wikitext.

The <nowiki>{{fullurl}}</nowiki> variable introduced in recent versions allows the entire link to be specified in one go, without also using <nowiki>{{server}}</nowiki>. This also means it can be used in the same way for local and interwiki links (it being clearly inappropriate to add <nowiki>{{server}}</nowiki> before the latter)

Using {{tcw|url}}, instead of using SERVER and localurl, one can also use e.g. <nowiki>{{url}}abc&action=edit</nowiki> giving {{url}}abc&action=edit

"INT:" is used to get text from the Mediawiki: namespace. If the user's interface language, as specified in Special:Preferences, is the wiki's default language, it will display the contents of [[Mediawiki:pagename]]. If the user has selected another language, it will display the contents of [[Mediawiki:pagename/languagecode]] (e.g. [[Mediawiki:fromwikipedia/fr]] for French) if such a page exists, and of [[Mediawiki:pagename]] if it does not. It is short for "internal".

==Varying with time==
{|
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTH}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTMONTH}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHABBREV}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTMONTHABBREV}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTWEEK}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTWEEK}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTDAY}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTDAY}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTDOW}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTDOW}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTYEAR}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTYEAR}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{CURRENTTIME}}</nowiki>
|{{CURRENTTIME}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}</nowiki>
|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}
|}

NUMBEROFARTICLES: number of pages in the main namespace which contain a link and are not a redirect, i.e. number of articles, stubs containing a link, and disambiguation pages.

This depends on system variable $wgUseCommaCount If true, article count will only include those with commas (","). If false, will only count those with links ("[["). The default set in [[Help:Configuration settings index|DefaultSettings.php]] is false, this can be changed in [[LocalSettings.php]]. See also [[Help:Article count]].

CURRENTWEEK is not supported in earlier versions of MediaWiki. It ranges from 1 to 54.

CURRENTDOW is the day of the week, Monday=1, etc.

CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN: is the genitive grammatical form of the month name (used in Finnish).

==Depending on page==

{|
|<nowiki>{{NAMESPACE}}</nowiki>
|{{NAMESPACE}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}</nowiki>
|{{PAGENAME}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{PAGENAMEE}}</nowiki>
|{{PAGENAMEE}}
|}

PAGENAMEE displays the page title in the form that is used in URLs, i.e. with underscores for spaces, and escape codes for special characters, and is therefore used for constructing URLs. For example, on a page called "Grand café", PAGENAMEE would produce "Grand_caf%C3%A9". Do not use PAGENAMEE as the pagename in first part of the variable localurl, see above. See also [[Help:Page name#Variables PAGENAME and PAGENAMEE|<nowiki>Variables PAGENAME and PAGENAMEE</nowiki>]]

When used in a [[help:template|template]], these three variables refer to the page in which the template is included, not to the template page.

== Depending on revision ==

<nowiki>{{REVISIONID}}</nowiki> gives {{REVISIONID}}

REVISIONID displays a unique number identifying a version of a page in the set of all versions of all pages. In the URL the number can be referred to as "old_id<nowiki>=</nowiki>..", even when the version is still the current one. This can be useful on talk pages, and for citation in newspaper, scholar works, etc. When applying such a URL, at the top of the page the date and local time (if not logged in: UTC) are displayed, with a link to the previous version, and a link to the next version (unless at the time of loading the page there is no newer version: in that case the text "Newer revision" appears anyway, but it is not a link; if the version is the first, a link labeled "previous revision" appears anyway, but it leads to the same page)

The [[Help:Page history|page history]] page also uses such a URL.

In a preview the value of REVISIONID is 0.

==Examples of combinations==

<table>
<tr><td><nowiki>{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|</nowiki>action=edit<nowiki>}}</nowiki>
<td>{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}}
<tr><td><nowiki>{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Special:Whatlinkshere|target={{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}}}</nowiki><td>{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Special:Whatlinkshere|target={{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}}}
<tr><td><nowiki>[[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}_1]]</nowiki>
<td>[[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}_1]]
<tr><td><nowiki>{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}_1}}</nowiki>
<td>{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}_1}}
<tr><td><nowiki>{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|oldid={{REVISIONID}}}}</nowiki>
<td> {{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|oldid={{REVISIONID}}
</table>

''[Note that <code><nowiki>{{SERVER}}{{localurl...</nowiki></code> can be replaced by <code><nowiki>{{fullurl...</nowiki></code> in recent versions of the software.]''

As a link the last example is not useful in the page itself, but it gives useful info about the original in a paper or HTML copy of the page, and provides a link to that in the HTML copy. Also the rendered URL can be copied to the wikitext of this or another page, to refer to the version at the time of copying, e.g. http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Variable&oldid=178844 (For the latter purpose one can also use the link targets on the page history page).

As mentioned above, PAGENAME with single E has to be used within localurl, otherwise it does not work with special characters. For example, for a page named É we get <nowiki>{{localurl:É}}</nowiki>, which correctly gives {{localurl:É}} (with <nowiki>{{SERVER}}</nowiki> in front {{SERVER}}{{localurl:É}}, linking to the page É), while <nowiki>{{PAGENAMEE}}</nowiki> gives %C9, and <nowiki>{{localurl:%C9}}</nowiki> gives {{localurl:%C9}}, i.e. it is rendered unchanged, the function localurl is not applied. With <nowiki>{{SERVER}}</nowiki> in front it gives {{SERVER}}{{localurl:%C9}}, which is a dead link reported by the browser, the server is not even reached.

See also [[m:Template:UTC]].

In a template, for a link to a page which depends on a template parameter, the external link style is used even for internal links, to avoid that the system links to the edit page even if the page exists. To construct the external link, variables can also be useful.

==Variables in links==

Variables work also in links:

*<nowiki>[[a{{NAMESPACE}}b|c{{PAGENAME}}d]]</nowiki> gives [[a{{NAMESPACE}}b|c{{PAGENAME}}d]]

==See also==
*[[Help:Template#Images_in_templates|Images in templates]].
*[[Help:Template#subst]] - on applying "subst" to a variable or to a template using a variable
*[[Template:Wikivar]]

{{h:f|langs=|enname=Variable}}

Ajuda:Piped link

2005-09-30T16:45:59Z

Fisherad: /* Syntax for external links */

__TOC__

A '''piped link''' is a [[link]] within the project or to a sister project, that is labeled differently from the name of the page it links to. This allows linking a word or phrase within the text of a page, rather than using "see also", even if the wording does not exactly correspond with the name of the other page. With a suitable browser and depending on the [[preferences]] set, one can still see what page is linked to: when you point at the link the name shows up in a hover box and is also shown in the status bar.

For instance:

<pre><nowiki>[[coffeehouse setup|How to set up a coffee house]]</nowiki></pre>
will show: [[coffeehouse setup|How to set up a coffee house]]

The term "piped" refers to the use of the pipe character "|" used to separate the good description from the actual link.

Another example would be <nowiki>[[train station|station]]</nowiki>, showing up as [[en:train station|station]]. This is useful where the word "station" is used in an article on trains; from the context it would be clear that a train station is meant. The piped link is more convenient to the user than a link [[en:station|station]] to the disambiguation page.

==Using a redirect as an alternative==

An alternative is simply using <nowiki>[[How to set up a coffee house]]</nowiki>, showing up as [[How to set up a coffee house]] (note that, unlike above, what pops up when you point at the link, if applicable for your browser, is simply the text already shown), and making [[How to set up a coffee house]] a [[Help:Redirect|redirect page]].

This is convenient if the redirect is already there, or will also be of use elsewhere, but has a few drawbacks:

*the popup does not show the page one will arrive at
*"[[Related changes]]" does not give the changes in that page, but in the redirect page
*the redirect message on the new page slightly clutters it

On the other hand, one may prefer the link title to provide some information that is not in the name of the page one links to, such as the value of a unit in terms of other units. In that case one can make a page whose pagename is the info one wants in the link title, and which redirects to a page with a more appropriate name.

==Automatic conversion of the wikitext (pipe trick)==

If in a piped link the part after the "|" is left empty, it is [[Help:Automatic conversion of wikitext|converted]] to an abbreviated form of the page name on the left, as follows:

*if there is a colon in it, the leftmost colon and anything to the left of that is removed (but this does not work for "MediaWiki User's Guide:", apparently due to the apostrophe)
*if there is a text in parentheses at the end it will be removed

For example, the wikitext <nowiki>[[en:Pipe (computing)|]]</nowiki> is converted to <nowiki>[[en:Pipe (computing)|Pipe]]</nowiki>, which is rendered as [[en:Pipe (computing)|Pipe]], and <nowiki>[[Help:Template|]]</nowiki> is converted to <nowiki>[[Help:Template|Template]]</nowiki>, rendered as [[Help:Template|Template]].

If there is nothing to abbreviate, i.e. there is no colon and there are no parentheses, then the link does not work at all, e.g. [[a|]].

Just like for the three or four tildes when signing on Talk pages, and the use of subst, in a preview, the result already shows up in the preview itself, but the conversion in the edit box is not yet shown. Save and press Edit again to see the result of the conversion.

For links between language versions of Wikipedia and between language versions of Wiktionary, either the pipe trick is not applicable (if the link comes at the edge) or is limited in use because of the starting colon.

In some projects and some cases the pipe trick does not work and the piped link wikitext is not even rendered as a link.

===Examples===

<pre>

*[[project:a (b)|]]
*[[w:project:a (b)|]]
*[[de:project:a (b)|]]
*[[wiktionary:project:a (b)|]]
*[[wiktionary:de:project:a (b)|]]
*[[wikibooks:project:a (b)|]]
*[[wikiquote:project:a (b)|]]
*[[wikisource:project:a (b)|]]
</pre>
give

*[[project:a (b)|a]]
*[[w:project:a (b)|project:a]]
*[[de:project:a (b)|project:a]]
*[[wiktionary:project:a (b)|project:a]]
*[[wiktionary:de:project:a (b)|de:project:a]]
*[[wikibooks:project:a (b)|project:a]]
*[[wikiquote:project:a (b)|project:a]]
*[[wikisource:project:a (b)|project:a]]

== Syntax for external links ==

For external links a space is used instead of a pipe character, see [[Help:Editing]]. A general term used for both is also [[clean link]].

Ajuda:Piped link

2005-09-30T16:45:02Z

Fisherad: /* Using a redirect as an alternative */

Ajuda:Piped link

2005-09-30T16:43:55Z

Fisherad:

__TOC__

A '''piped link''' is a [[link]] within the project or to a sister project, that is labeled differently from the name of the page it links to. This allows linking a word or phrase within the text of a page, rather than using "see also", even if the wording does not exactly correspond with the name of the other page. With a suitable browser and depending on the [[preferences]] set, one can still see what page is linked to: when you point at the link the name shows up in a hover box and is also shown in the status bar.

For instance:

<pre><nowiki>[[coffeehouse setup|How to set up a coffee house]]</nowiki></pre>
will show: [[coffeehouse setup|How to set up a coffee house]]

The term "piped" refers to the use of the pipe character "|" used to separate the good description from the actual link.

Another example would be <nowiki>[[train station|station]]</nowiki>, showing up as [[en:train station|station]]. This is useful where the word "station" is used in an article on trains; from the context it would be clear that a train station is meant. The piped link is more convenient to the user than a link [[en:station|station]] to the disambiguation page.

==Using a redirect as an alternative==

An alternative is simply using <nowiki>[[How to set up a coffee house]]</nowiki>, showing up as [[How to set up a coffee house]] (note that, unlike above, what pops up when you point at the link, if applicable for your browser, is simply the text already shown), and making [[How to set up a coffee house]] a [[Help:Redirect|redirect page]].

This is convenient if the redirect is already there, or will also be of use elsewhere, but has a few drawbacks:

*the popup does not show the page one will arrive at
*"[[Related changes]]" does not give the changes in that page, but in the redirect page
*the redirect message on the new page slightly clutters it

On the other hand, one may prefer the link title to provide some information that is not in the name of the page one links to, such as the value of a unit in terms of other units. In that case one can make a page whose pagename is the info one wants in the link title, and which redirects to a page with a more appropriate name. See e.g. [[w:Template:Ft]], containing <nowiki>[[30.48 cm|ft]]</nowiki>, with the page [[w:30.48 cm]] redirecting to [[w:Foot (unit of length)]].

==Automatic conversion of the wikitext (pipe trick)==

If in a piped link the part after the "|" is left empty, it is [[Help:Automatic conversion of wikitext|converted]] to an abbreviated form of the page name on the left, as follows:

*if there is a colon in it, the leftmost colon and anything to the left of that is removed (but this does not work for "MediaWiki User's Guide:", apparently due to the apostrophe)
*if there is a text in parentheses at the end it will be removed

For example, the wikitext <nowiki>[[en:Pipe (computing)|]]</nowiki> is converted to <nowiki>[[en:Pipe (computing)|Pipe]]</nowiki>, which is rendered as [[en:Pipe (computing)|Pipe]], and <nowiki>[[Help:Template|]]</nowiki> is converted to <nowiki>[[Help:Template|Template]]</nowiki>, rendered as [[Help:Template|Template]].

If there is nothing to abbreviate, i.e. there is no colon and there are no parentheses, then the link does not work at all, e.g. [[a|]].

Just like for the three or four tildes when signing on Talk pages, and the use of subst, in a preview, the result already shows up in the preview itself, but the conversion in the edit box is not yet shown. Save and press Edit again to see the result of the conversion.

For links between language versions of Wikipedia and between language versions of Wiktionary, either the pipe trick is not applicable (if the link comes at the edge) or is limited in use because of the starting colon.

In some projects and some cases the pipe trick does not work and the piped link wikitext is not even rendered as a link.

===Examples===

<pre>

*[[project:a (b)|]]
*[[w:project:a (b)|]]
*[[de:project:a (b)|]]
*[[wiktionary:project:a (b)|]]
*[[wiktionary:de:project:a (b)|]]
*[[wikibooks:project:a (b)|]]
*[[wikiquote:project:a (b)|]]
*[[wikisource:project:a (b)|]]
</pre>
give

*[[project:a (b)|a]]
*[[w:project:a (b)|project:a]]
*[[de:project:a (b)|project:a]]
*[[wiktionary:project:a (b)|project:a]]
*[[wiktionary:de:project:a (b)|de:project:a]]
*[[wikibooks:project:a (b)|project:a]]
*[[wikiquote:project:a (b)|project:a]]
*[[wikisource:project:a (b)|project:a]]

== Syntax for external links ==

For external links a space is used instead of a pipe character, see [[Help:Editing]]. A general term used for both is also [[clean link]].

{{h:f|langs=|enname=Piped link}}

Ajuda:Piped link

2005-09-30T16:43:08Z

Fisherad:

A '''piped link''' is a [[link]] within the project or to a sister project, that is labeled differently from the name of the page it links to. This allows linking a word or phrase within the text of a page, rather than using "see also", even if the wording does not exactly correspond with the name of the other page. With a suitable browser and depending on the [[preferences]] set, one can still see what page is linked to: when you point at the link the name shows up in a hover box and is also shown in the status bar.

__TOC__

For instance:

<pre><nowiki>[[coffeehouse setup|How to set up a coffee house]]</nowiki></pre>
will show: [[coffeehouse setup|How to set up a coffee house]]

The term "piped" refers to the use of the pipe character "|" used to separate the good description from the actual link.

Another example would be <nowiki>[[train station|station]]</nowiki>, showing up as [[en:train station|station]]. This is useful where the word "station" is used in an article on trains; from the context it would be clear that a train station is meant. The piped link is more convenient to the user than a link [[en:station|station]] to the disambiguation page.

==Using a redirect as an alternative==

An alternative is simply using <nowiki>[[How to set up a coffee house]]</nowiki>, showing up as [[How to set up a coffee house]] (note that, unlike above, what pops up when you point at the link, if applicable for your browser, is simply the text already shown), and making [[How to set up a coffee house]] a [[Help:Redirect|redirect page]].

This is convenient if the redirect is already there, or will also be of use elsewhere, but has a few drawbacks:

*the popup does not show the page one will arrive at
*"[[Related changes]]" does not give the changes in that page, but in the redirect page
*the redirect message on the new page slightly clutters it

On the other hand, one may prefer the link title to provide some information that is not in the name of the page one links to, such as the value of a unit in terms of other units. In that case one can make a page whose pagename is the info one wants in the link title, and which redirects to a page with a more appropriate name. See e.g. [[w:Template:Ft]], containing <nowiki>[[30.48 cm|ft]]</nowiki>, with the page [[w:30.48 cm]] redirecting to [[w:Foot (unit of length)]].

==Automatic conversion of the wikitext (pipe trick)==

If in a piped link the part after the "|" is left empty, it is [[Help:Automatic conversion of wikitext|converted]] to an abbreviated form of the page name on the left, as follows:

*if there is a colon in it, the leftmost colon and anything to the left of that is removed (but this does not work for "MediaWiki User's Guide:", apparently due to the apostrophe)
*if there is a text in parentheses at the end it will be removed

For example, the wikitext <nowiki>[[en:Pipe (computing)|]]</nowiki> is converted to <nowiki>[[en:Pipe (computing)|Pipe]]</nowiki>, which is rendered as [[en:Pipe (computing)|Pipe]], and <nowiki>[[Help:Template|]]</nowiki> is converted to <nowiki>[[Help:Template|Template]]</nowiki>, rendered as [[Help:Template|Template]].

If there is nothing to abbreviate, i.e. there is no colon and there are no parentheses, then the link does not work at all, e.g. [[a|]].

Just like for the three or four tildes when signing on Talk pages, and the use of subst, in a preview, the result already shows up in the preview itself, but the conversion in the edit box is not yet shown. Save and press Edit again to see the result of the conversion.

For links between language versions of Wikipedia and between language versions of Wiktionary, either the pipe trick is not applicable (if the link comes at the edge) or is limited in use because of the starting colon.

In some projects and some cases the pipe trick does not work and the piped link wikitext is not even rendered as a link.

===Examples===

<pre>

*[[project:a (b)|]]
*[[w:project:a (b)|]]
*[[de:project:a (b)|]]
*[[wiktionary:project:a (b)|]]
*[[wiktionary:de:project:a (b)|]]
*[[wikibooks:project:a (b)|]]
*[[wikiquote:project:a (b)|]]
*[[wikisource:project:a (b)|]]
</pre>
give

*[[project:a (b)|a]]
*[[w:project:a (b)|project:a]]
*[[de:project:a (b)|project:a]]
*[[wiktionary:project:a (b)|project:a]]
*[[wiktionary:de:project:a (b)|de:project:a]]
*[[wikibooks:project:a (b)|project:a]]
*[[wikiquote:project:a (b)|project:a]]
*[[wikisource:project:a (b)|project:a]]

== Syntax for external links ==

For external links a space is used instead of a pipe character, see [[Help:Editing]]. A general term used for both is also [[clean link]].

{{h:f|langs=|enname=Piped link}}