FAIR - Contribuições do utilizador [pt]

Predefinição:FirstVisionWiki

2009-09-07T15:24:39Z

DanaRepouille: /* After the vision: */

{{editme|url=Template:FirstVisionWiki|before=|after='''''First Vision wiki articles'''''}}
=====Overview=====
*[[First Vision|Summary page]]
----
=====Leading up to the vision:=====
*[[First Vision/Methodist camp meetings|Methodist camp meetings in 1820]]
*[[First Vision/Religious revivals in 1820|Religious revivals in 1820]]
*[[First Vision/Smith family place of residence in 1820|Place of residence in 1820]]
----
=====The vision:=====
*[[First Vision/Accounts|First Vision accounts (summary)]]
**[[First Vision/Accounts/1832|1832 account (overview)]]
***[[First Vision/Joseph Smith's early conception of God|Early understanding of God?]]
***[[First Vision/Accounts/1832/Doesn't mention new dispensation|No new dispensation?]]
***[[First Vision/Accounts/1832/Different age provided|Different age?]]
***[[First Vision/Accounts/1832/Motivation is different|Different motivation?]]
***[[First Vision/Accounts/1832/Doesn't mention persecution|No persecution?]]
***[[First Vision/Accounts/1832/Doesn't mention a revival|No revival?]]
***[[First Vision/Accounts/1832/Doesn't forbid joining a church|Not forbidden to convert?]]
***[[First Vision/Accounts/1832/Says wicked will be destroyed but 1838 doesn't|Wicked destroyed?]]
***[[First Vision/Accounts/1832/Only one Personage appears|Only one Deity?]]
***[[First Vision/Accounts/1832/Vision set in heaven or on earth|In heaven or earth?]]
***[[First Vision/Accounts/1832/Eternal life regardless of church affiliation|Unconditional salvation?]]
***[[First Vision/Accounts/1832/Struggle with Satan not mentioned|Struggle with Satan?]]
**[[First Vision/Accounts/1835|1835 account (overview)]]
***[[First Vision/Accounts/1835/Mentions "Angels"|Personages were angels?]]
**[[First Vision/Accounts/1838|1838 account (overview)]]
***[[First Vision/Religious revivals in 1820|1820 Revival?]]
***[[First Vision/Methodist camp meetings|"It commenced with the Methodists"]]
*[[First Vision/Paul's accounts|Paul's accounts of his vision]]
**[[First Vision/Do Greek scholars solve the discrepancies in Paul's vision accounts|Scholars solved discrepancies?]]
*[[First Vision/Doctrine and Covenants 84 says God not seen without priesthood|Can't see God without priesthood?]]
----
=====After the vision:=====
*[[First Vision/No reference to First Vision in 1830s publications|No reference in 1830s publications?]]
*[[First Vision/Seldom mentioned in LDS publications before 1877|Seldom mentioned in LDS publications before 1877?]]
*[[First Vision/No mention in non-LDS literature before 1843|No reference in non-LDS publications before 1843?]]
*[[First Vision/1830 statement about seeing "God"|Joseph saw "God" in 1830 publication?]]
*[[First Vision/Lack of contemporary Father and Son vision until 1838|No published references to Father and Son until 1838?]]
*[[First Vision/Joseph Smith did not know if God existed in 1823|Joseph unsure of God in 1823?]]
*[[First Vision/Lucy Mack Smith and the Presbyterians|Lucy joined Presbyterians in 1823?]]
*[[First Vision/Joseph Smith joined other churches|Joined other churches?]]
*[[First Vision/Contradiction about knowing all churches were wrong|All churches wrong?]]
*[[First Vision/Fabricated to give "Godly authority"|Fabricated to bolster authority?]]
*[[First Vision/Story became more detailed and colorful after 1832|Details added over time?]]
*[[First Vision/Accounts/1838/Account modified to offset leadership crisis|Created to offset leadership crisis?]]
----

=====Others' accounts:=====
*[[First Vision/Accounts/George Q. Cannon referred to "angels"|George Q. Cannon]]
*[[First Vision/Accounts/Oliver Cowdery not aware of First Vision in 1834-35|Cowdery version of 1834-5?]]
*[[First Vision/Accounts/Orson Hyde referred to "angels"|Orson Hyde]]
*[[First Vision/Accounts/Andrew Jenson called personage an "angel"|Andrew Jenson]]
*[[First Vision/Accounts/Heber C. Kimball denied the Father appeared|Heber C. Kimball|]]
*[[First Vision/Accounts/Orson Pratt confused about "angel" or Father-Son|Orson Pratt]]
*[[First Vision/Accounts/George A. Smith said First Vision was an "angel"|George A. Smith]]
*[[First Vision/Accounts/Prophet's mother said First Vision was of an "angel"|Lucy Mack Smith]]
*[[First Vision/Accounts/Orson Spencer said an "angel" was the first manifestation|Orson Spencer]]
*[[First Vision/Accounts/John Taylor's understanding of the First Vision|John Taylor]]
*[[First Vision/Accounts/Brigham Young never mentioned the First Vision|Brigham never spoke of 1st vision?]]
*[[First Vision/Accounts/Brigham Young said the Lord didn't appear|Brigham claimed an angel?]]
*[[First Vision/Seldom mentioned in LDS publications before 1877|Seldom published pre-1877 (short)]]
**[[First Vision/Seldom mentioned in LDS publications before 1877 (long)|(long)]]
----
=====Other criticisms:=====
*[[First Vision/Doctrine and Covenants 121:28 contradicts vision|D&C 121:28 contradicts vision?]]
*[[First Vision/The Father as Spirit vs. Embodied|Father: Spirit vs. Embodied]]
*[[Personages who appeared to Joseph Smith|Personages seen by Joseph]]
{{JSOtherVisionWiki}}
{{GodWiki}}
'''Video'''
{{Video:Brown:2006:Revised or Unaltered}}

Predefinição:BoMWiki

2009-09-07T15:09:35Z

DanaRepouille:

{{editme|url=Template:BoMWiki|before=|after='''''Book of Mormon wiki articles'''''}}
*[[Book of Mormon archeology|Archaeology]] 
**[[Becoming_Gods/Use_of_sources/Dee_F._Green_on_Book_of_Mormon_archaeology|Book of Mormon archaeology "does not exist"?]]
**[[Archaeology and the Hill Cumorah|The Hill Cumorah]]
**[[Smithsonian statement on Book of Mormon archaeology]]
**[[Becoming_Gods/Use_of_sources/Dee_F._Green_on_Book_of_Mormon_archaeology|Dee F. Green (''Dialogue'' 1969) on Book of Mormon archaeology]]
*[[Book of Mormon basics]]
*[[Book of Mormon chronology|Chronology]]
*[[Book of Mormon demographics|Demographics]]
*[[Did Joseph Smith attempt to sell the Book of Mormon copyright?]]
*[[Book of Mormon and DNA evidence|DNA evidence]]
*[[Book of Mormon as a "familiar spirit"|"Familiar spirit", Book of Mormon as a]]
*[[Book of Mormon and the fulness of the gospel|Fulness of the gospel, Book of Mormon and the]]
**[[Why is baptism for the dead not taught in the Book of Mormon?]]
*[[Book of Mormon historicity|Historicity]]
*[[Multiple authors of Isaiah|Isaiah, multiple authors of]]
*[[Joseph Smith Translation and the Book of Mormon]] 
*[[Lamanite curse]]
*[[Book of Mormon as the most correct book|Most correct book, Book of Mormon as the]]
*[[Plain and precious Book of Mormon doctrines]]
*[[Book of Mormon/Red skin curse]]
*[[Book of Mormon textual changes|Textual changes]]
**[[Book of Mormon textual changes/"the Son of"|"the Son of" added]]
**[[Book of Mormon textual changes/"or out of the waters of baptism"|"or out of the waters of baptism" added]]
**[[Book of Mormon textual changes/"white" changed to "pure"|"white" changed to "pure"]]
**[[Book of Mormon textual changes/"Benjamin" changed to "Mosiah"|"Benjamin" changed to "Mosiah"]]
**[[Book of Mormon textual changes/"Words missing in Alma 32:30"|Missing words in Alma 32:30?]]
*[[Book of Mormon translation chronology|Translation chronology, Book of Mormon]]
**[[Anthon transcript]]
*[[Book of Mormon translation method|Translation method, Book of Mormon]]
**[[Book of Mormon translation method/Mainly italics altered|Mainly italics altered?]]
{{BoMFooterWiki}}

O Livro de Mórmon/Tradução/Pedra vidente

2009-08-09T06:25:46Z

DanaRepouille: /* Did Joseph lose the seer stone(s) and/or the Urim and Thummim? */

{{JosephSmithPortal}}
{{question}}
==Questions==
* What can you tell me about Joseph's seer stone? What is its relation to the "Urim and Thummim"?
* Did Joseph place his seer stone in his hat while he was translating the Book of Mormon?

===Source(s) of the Criticism===
*{{CriticalWork:Abanes:Becoming Gods|pages=45, 351 n. 144; 56 357 n. 40}}
*{{CriticalWork:Abanes:One Nation|pages=41, 500 n.2-4}}
*{{CriticalWork:Brodie:No Man Knows|pages=Chapter 2}}
*{{CriticalWork:McKeeverJohnson:Mormonism 101|pages=Chapter 8}}
*{{CriticalWork:Ostling:Mormon America|pages=26}}
*{{CriticalWork:Palmer:Insider|pages=2}}
*{{CriticalWork:Tanner:Changing World|pages=22}}
*{{CriticalWork:Wikipedia:Joseph Smith, Jr.}}

==Response==
{{Epigraph|To help him with the translation, Joseph found with the gold plates “a curious instrument which the ancients called Urim and Thummim, which consisted of two transparent stones set in a rim of a bow fastened to a breastplate.” Joseph also used an egg-shaped, brown rock for translating called a seer stone. — “A Peaceful Heart,” ''Friend'', Sep 1974, 7 {{Link|url=http://www.lds.org/ldsorg/v/index.jsp?hideNav=1&locale=0&sourceId=5250e07368d9b010VgnVCM1000004d82620a____&vgnextoid=21bc9fbee98db010VgnVCM1000004d82620aRCRD}}}}
{{parabreak}}
===How many seer stones were there?===

Joseph first used a neighbor's seer stone (probably Sally Chase, on the balance of historical evidence, though there are other possibilities) to discover the location of a brown, baby's foot-shaped stone. The vision of this stone likely occurred in about 1819–1820, and he obtained his first seer stone in about 1821–1822.{{ref|mcgee1}}

Joseph then used this first stone to find a second stone (a white one). The colour and sequence of obtaining these stones has often been confused,{{ref|confused1}} and readers interested in an in-depth treatment are referred to the endnotes.{{ref|mcgee2}}

Joseph would later discover at least two more seers stones in Nauvoo, on the banks of the Mississippi. These stones seem to have been collected more for their appearance, and there is little evidence of Joseph using them at that late date in his prophetic career.{{ref|mcgee3}}

===How did Joseph obtain his second seer stone?===

The seer stone was reportedly found on the property of William Chase in 1822 as Chase described it:

:In the year 1822, I was engaged in digging a well. I employed Alvin and Joseph Smith to assist me.... After digging about twenty feet below the surface of the earth, we discovered a singularly appearing stone, which excited my curiosity. I brought it to the top of the well, and as we were examining it, Joseph put it into his hat, and then his face into the top of his hat.... The next morning he came to me, and wished to obtain the stone, alleging that he could see in it; but I told him I did not wish to part with it on account of its being a curiosity, but I would lend it.{{ref|chase1}}

Martin Harris and Wilford Woodruff were to later confirm this account after Joseph's death.{{ref|chaseconfirm}}

===What did the stones look like?===
One witness reported (of the first, brown stone), from 1826:

:It was about the size of a small hen's egg, in the shape of a high-instepped shoe. It was composed of layers of different colors passing diagonally through it. It was very hard and smooth, perhaps by being carried in the pocket.{{ref|stonesize}}

The second stone:

: [the] Seer Stone was the shape of an egg though not quite so large, of a gray cast something like granite but with white stripes running around it. It was transparent but had no holes, neither on the end or in the sides.{{ref|secondstoneappear}}

===For what purpose(s) did Joseph use the stones prior to the restoration?===

As noted above, Joseph used the first stone to find the second.

Martin Harris recounted that Joseph could find lost objects with the second, white stone:

:: I was at the house of his father in Manchester, two miles south of Palmyra village, and was picking my teeth with a pin while sitting on the bars. The pin caught in my teeth and dropped from my fingers into shavings and straw. I jumped from the bars and looked for it. Joseph and Northrop Sweet also did the same. We could not find it. I then took Joseph on surprise, and said to him--I said, "Take your stone." I had never seen it, and did not know that he had it with him. He had it in his pocket. He took it and placed it in his hat--the old white hat--and placed his face in his hat. I watched him closely to see that he did not look to one side; he reached out his hand beyond me on the right, and moved a little stick and there I saw the pin, which he picked up and gave to me. I know he did not look out of the hat until after he had picked up the pin.{{ref|pin}}

Joseph's mother also indicated that Joseph was sought out by some, including Josiah Stoal, to use the stone to find hidden valuables. He

:came for Joseph on account of having heard that he possessed certain keys by which he could discern things invisible to the natural eye.{{ref|lucymack1}}

Joseph referred to this incident in {{scripture||JS-H|1|55-56}}.

Stoal eventually joined the Church; some of his family, however, charged Joseph in court for events related to this treasure seeking. Stoal testified in Joseph's defense. (See ''FAIRwiki'' article on the trial [[Joseph_Smith's_1826_glasslooking_trial|here]].)

Joseph Knight also said that, at the command of the angel Moroni, Joseph looked into his seer stone to learn who he should marry. He "looked in his glass and found it was Emma Hale."{{ref|marryemma1}}

===How were the stone(s) involved in the translation of the Book of Mormon?===

There is considerable evidence that the location of the plates and Nephite interpreters (Urim and Thummim) were revealed to Joseph via his second, white seer stone. In 1859, Martin Harris recalled that "Joseph had a stone which was dug from the well of Mason Chase...It was by means of this stone he first discovered the plates."{{ref|stoneplates1}}

Some critics have sought to create a contradiction here, since Joseph's history reported that Moroni revealed the plates to him ({{s||JS-H|1|34-35,42}}). This is an example of a false dichotomy: Moroni could easily have told Joseph about the plates and interpreters. The vision to Joseph may well have then come through the seer stone, as some of the sections of the Doctrine and Covenants (e.g., Section X) would later be revealed. One account matches this theory well:

:I had a conversation with [Joseph], and asked him where he found them [the plates] and how he come to know where they were. he said he had a revelation from God that told him they were hid in a certain hill and he looked in his [seer] stone and saw them in the place of deposit."{{ref|henryharris1}}

Joseph Knight recalled that Joseph was more excited about the Nephite interpreters than the gold plates:

:After breakfast Joseph called me into the other room, set his foot on the bed, and leaned his head on his hand and said, "Well I am disappointed."
:"Well, I said, "I am sorry."
:"Well, he said, "I am greatly disappointed. It is ten times better than I expected."
:Then he went on to tell the length and width and thickness of the plates and, said he, they appear to be gold. But, he seemed to think more of the glasses or the Urim and thummim than he did of the plate for, said he, "I can see anything. They are marvelous."{{ref|knight1}}

Martin Harris later described the Nephite interpreters as

:about two inches in diameter, perfectly round, and about five-eighths of an inch thick at the centre.... They were joined by a round bar of diver, about three-eights of an inch in diameter, and about four inches long, which with the two stones, would make eight inches.{{ref|harris1}}

Despite having the Nephite interpreters, Joseph Smith often used the seer stone to translate. This led to an episode in which Martin tested the veracity of Joseph's claim to use the second, white stone to translate:{{ref|harriswhite1}}

:Once Martin found a rock closely resembling the seerstone Joseph sometimes used in place of the interpreters and substituted it without the Prophet’s knowledge. When the translation resumed, Joseph paused for a long time and then exclaimed, “Martin, what is the matter, all is as dark as Egypt.” Martin then confessed that he wished to “stop the mouths of fools” who told him that the Prophet memorized sentences and merely repeated them.{{ref|mouthoffools}}

Joseph also seems to have sometimes removed the Nephite stones from the "silver bows" which held them like spectacles, and used them as individual seer stones. Joseph used his white seer stone sometimes "for convenience" during the translation of the 116 pages with Martin Harris; later witnesses reported him using his brown seer stone.{{ref|variousstones1}}

===Did Joseph lose the seer stone(s) and/or the Urim and Thummim?===

Following the loss of the 116 pages, the Lord told Joseph:

:1 NOW, behold, I say unto you, that because you delivered up those writings which you had power given unto you to translate by the means of the Urim and Thummim, into the hands of a wicked man, you have lost them.
:2 And you also lost your gift at the same time, and your mind became darkened.
:3 Nevertheless, it is now restored unto you again; therefore see that you are faithful and continue on unto the finishing of the remainder of the work of translation as you have begun.
:4 Do not run faster or labor more than you have strength and means provided to enable you to translate; but be diligent unto the end. ({{s||DC|10|1-4}})

Thus, "it" (Joseph's gift) was restored to him, but there is no indication that the Nephite interpreters (Urim and Thummim) were also returned, Joseph having also lost "them." That is, after repenting, Joseph would recover his seer stones, but apparently not the Urim and Thummim. Some Church sources have seen this as the point at which Joseph received the seer stone for the first time, but this is likely incorrect:

:As a chastisement for this carelessness [loss of the 116 pages], the Urim and Thummim was taken from Smith. But by humbling himself, he again found favor with the Lord and was presented a strange oval-shaped, chocolate colored stone, about the size of an egg, but more flat which it was promised should answer the same purpose. With this stone all the present book was translated.{{ref|hr1}}

This source is clearly somewhat confused, since it sees Joseph as getting his dark stone ''after'' the 116 pages, when it likely dates to 1822 at the latest (see above).

David Whitmer, who only came in contact with the translation after the loss of the 116 pages, indicated through a friend that

:With the sanction of David Whitmer, and by his authority, I now state that he does not say that Joseph Smith ever translated in his presence by aid of Urim and Thummim; but by means of one dark colored, opaque stone, called a 'Seer Stone,' which was placed in the crown of a hat, into which Joseph put his face, so as to exclude the external light. Then, a spiritual light would shine forth, and parchment would appear before Joseph, upon which was a line of characters from the plates, and under it, the translation in English; at least, so Joseph said.{{ref|sh1}}

Joseph also used the seer stone to keep himself and the plates safe, as his mother recorded:

:That of which I spoke, which Joseph termed a key, was indeed, nothing more nor less than the Urim and Thummim, and it was by this that the angel showed him many things which he saw in vision; by which also he could ascertain, at any time, the approach of danger, either to himself or the Record, and on account of which he always kept the Urim and Thummim about his person.{{ref|lucymack2}}

We see here the tendency to use the term "Urim and Thummim" to refer to Joseph's seer stone (or to the Nephite interpreters, which would have been too large for Joseph to carry on his person undetected). This lack of precision in terminology has, on occasion, confused some members who have not understood that either or both may be referred to by early LDS authors as "Urim and Thummim." To Joseph and his contemporaries, they were all the same type of thing, and merely differed in the strength of their power and ability. Clearly, devices from the Lord when directed by an angelic messenger (such as the Nephite interpreters) would outrank a seer stone found on one's own.

===What is the relation between Urim and Thummim and seer stones?===

As seen above, members of the Church tended to conflate the seer stone with the Nephite interpreters (never called "Urim and Thummim" by the Book of Mormon text; the label is a modern application).

The Book of Mormon makes reference to a stone that likely has reference to Joseph Smith's seer stone (as distinct from the Nephite interpreters):

: And the Lord said: I will prepare unto my servant Gazelem, a stone, which shall shine forth in darkness unto light, that I may discover unto my people who serve me, that I may discover unto them the works of their brethren, yea, their secret works, their works of darkness, and their wickedness and abominations.{{s||Alma|37|23}}

Joseph Smith's "code name," used for the publication of some sections of the Doctrine and Covenants to hide the recipients from their enemies, was "Gazalem." And, at his funeral, W.W. Phelps also applied this name to Joseph.{{ref|gazalem1}}

Alma's account then goes on to speak of the Nephite interpreters:

:24 And now, my son, these interpreters were prepared that the word of God might be fulfilled, which he spake, saying:
:25 I will bring forth out of darkness unto light all their secret works and their abominations; and except they repent I will destroy them from off the face of the earth; and I will bring to light all their secrets and abominations, unto every nation that shall hereafter possess the land.{{s||Alma|37|24-25}}

Thus, "stone" (singular) may well be distinct from the "interpreters" (plural) possessed by the Nephites. The Book of Mosiah makes clear that the interpreters consisted of "two stones":

: 13 Now Ammon said unto him: I can assuredly tell thee, O king, of a man that can translate the records; for he has wherewith that he can look, and translate all records that are of ancient date; and it is a gift from God. And the things are called interpreters, and no man can look in them except he be commanded, lest he should look for that he ought not and he should perish. And whosoever is commanded to look in them, the same is called seer.
:14 And behold, the king of the people who are in the land of Zarahemla is the man that is commanded to do these things, and who has this high gift from God.{{s||Mosiah|8|13-14}}
:…
:13 And now he translated them by the means of those two stones which were fastened into the two rims of a bow.
:14 Now these things were prepared from the beginning, and were handed down from generation to generation, for the purpose of interpreting languages;
:15 And they have been kept and preserved by the hand of the Lord, that he should discover to every creature who should possess the land the iniquities and abominations of his people;
:16 And whosoever has these things is called seer, after the manner of old times. .{{s||Mosiah|28|13-16}}

The first use in print of "Urim and Thummim" to refer to the interpreters was in January 1833:

:[The Book of Mormon] was translated by the gift and power of God, by an unlearned man, through the aid of a pair of Interpreters, or spectacles--(known, perhaps in ancient days as Teraphim, or Urim and Thummim).{{ref|wwphelps1}}

Members of the Church seem to have used the term interchangeably on many occasions.{{ref|interchange1}}

===Why did Joseph tend to use the seer stone more than the Nephite interpreters?===

The size of the interpreters may have been a significant barrier to their use. William Smith, Joseph's brother, described the Nephite instruments as

:too large for Joseph's eyes; they must have been used by larger men.{{ref|williamsmith1}}

Charles Anthon agreed when he later recalled Martin Harris' description and wrote:

:These spectacles were so large that if a person attempted to look through them, his two eyes would have to be turned towards one of the glasses merely, the spectacles in question being altogether too large for the breadth of the human face.{{ref|anthon1}}

===Why did use of the seer stones subside?===

The Urim and Thummim were the means of receiving most of the formal revelations until June 1829. That was the time of completing the Book of Mormon, which was translated through the Urim and Thummim and also the seer stone. After this, seer stones were generally not used while receiving revelation or translation. (The JST and the Book of Abraham translations both began with seer stone usage, but Joseph soon quit using them.{{ref|JSTandBoA}}) Following his baptism, receipt of the Holy Ghost, and ordination to the Melchizedek priesthood, Joseph seems have felt far less need to resort to the stones.{{ref|priesthood1}} He had learned, through divine tutoring, how to receive unmediated revelation—the Lord had taken him "line upon line" from where he was (surrounded with beliefs about seeing and divining) and brought him to further light, knowledge, and power.

This perspective was reinforced by Orson Pratt, who watched the New Testament revision (JST) and wondered why the use of seer stones/interpreters (as with the Book of Mormon) was not continued:

:While this thought passed through the speaker's mind, Joseph, as if he read his thoughts, looked up and explained that the Lord gave him the Urim and Thummim when he was inexperienced in the Spirit of inspiration. But now he had advanced so far that he understood the operations of that Spirit and did not need the assistance of that instrument.{{ref|prattuandt}}

===Are there any Biblical parallels to Joseph's seer stone understanding?===

The idea of sacred stones acting as revelators to believers is present in the Bible, and Joseph Smith embraced a decidedly "non-magical" and "pro-religious" view of them:

:In Revelation, John incorporates past religious symbols into his message. Thus the most internally consistent interpretation of the "white stone" combines with the book's assurance that the faithful will become "kings and priests" to the Most High (Rev. 1:6). These eternal priests will be in tune with God's will, like the High Priest with the breastplate of shining stones and the Urim. In Hebrew that term means "light," corresponding to the "white" stone of John's Revelation. This correlation should be obvious, but Joseph Smith is virtually alone in confidence that John sees the redeemed as full High Priests: "Then the white stone mentioned in Rev. 2:17 is the Urim and Thummim, whereby all things pertaining to a higher order of kingdoms, even all kingdoms, will be made know." As for genuine religion, Joseph Smith perceived the stone of John's vision not as a stone of chance but as a conduit of enlightenment and a reward of worthiness of character.{{ref|revelationjohn1}}

===What happened to the seer stones?===

As noted above, the Nephite interpreters were apparently reclaimed by Moroni following the loss of the 116 pages, and were only seen again by the Three Witnesses ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/bm/thrwtnss Testimony of Three]).

Van Wagoner and Walker write:
: David Whitmer indicated that the seer stone was later given to Oliver Cowdery: "After the translation of the Book of Mormon was finished early in the spring of 1830 before April 6th, Joseph gave the Stone to Oliver Cowdery and told me as well as the rest that he was through with it, and he did not use the Stone anymore.” Whitmer, who was Cowdery's brother-in-law, stated that on Oliver's death in 1848, another brother-in-law, "Phineas Young, a brother of Brigham Young, and an old-time and once intimate friend of the Cowdery family came out from Salt Lake City, and during his visit he contrived to get the stone from its hiding place, through a little deceptive sophistry, extended upon the grief-stricken widow. When he returned to Utah he carried it in triumph to the apostles of Brigham Young's 'lion house.'"...

[Van Wagoner and Walker here confuse the two seer stones, so this section is not included here, given that better information has since come to light.]

:...Joseph Fielding Smith, as an apostle, made clear that "the Seer Stone which was in the possession of the Prophet Joseph Smith in early days . . . is now in the possession of the Church." Elder Joseph Anderson, Assistant to the Council of the Twelve and long-time secretary to the First Presidency, clarified in 1971 that the "Seer Stone that Joseph Smith used in the early days of the Church is in possession of the Church and is kept in a safe in Joseph Fielding Smith's office.... [The stone is] slightly smaller than a chicken egg, oval, chocolate in color."{{ref|fatestone}} (This would be Joseph's first, "shoe-shaped stone," which was given to Oliver Cowdery, and then to his brother-in-law Phineaus Young, brother of Brigham Young.{{ref|fatestone1}})

Joseph's second (white) stone is also in the possession of the LDS First Presidency.{{ref|2ndstonefate}}

===Has the Church tried to hide Joseph's use of a seer stone?===

The Church has been very frank about the seer stone's use, though the ''product'' of the translation of the Book of Mormon is usually given much more attention that the ''process''.

Text translated with the Nephite interpreters was lost with the 116 pages given to Martin Harris—see {{s||DC|3||}}. The Church's ''Historical Record'' records Joseph's use of the seer stone to translate all of our current Book of Mormon text:

:As a chastisement for this carelessness [loss of the 116 pages], the Urim and Thummim was taken from Smith. But by humbling himself, he again found favor with the Lord and was presented a strange oval-shaped, chocolate colored stone, about the size of an egg, but more flat which it was promised should answer the same purpose. With this stone all the present book was translated. [Note that the chronology of Joseph's acquisition of the stone is here somewhat confused. The use of the stone, however, is clearly indicated.]{{ref|hr1}}

References to the stone are not confined to the distant past. Elder Russell M. Nelson of the Twelve Apostles described the process clearly in an ''Ensign'' article:

:Joseph Smith would put the seer stone into a hat, and put his face in the hat, drawing it closely around his face to exclude the light; and in the darkness the spiritual light would shine. A piece of something resembling parchment would appear, and on that appeared the writing. One character at a time would appear, and under it was the interpretation in English. Brother Joseph would read off the English to Oliver Cowdery, who was his principal scribe, and when it was written down and repeated to Brother Joseph to see if it was correct, then it would disappear, and another character with the interpretation would appear. Thus the Book of Mormon was translated by the gift and power of God, and not by any power of man.{{ref|nelson1}}

It would be strange to try to hide something by having an apostle talk about it, and then send the account to every LDS home in the official magazine!

====Other mentions in Church materials====
Similar material is also found in other Church publications, some of which are included below:

* {{Ensign1|author=Richard Lloyd Anderson|article=‘By the Gift and Power of God’|date=Sepember 1977|start=79}}{{link|url=http://www.lds.org/ldsorg/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=2354fccf2b7db010VgnVCM1000004d82620aRCRD&locale=0&sourceId=5a921f26d596b010VgnVCM1000004d82620a____&hideNav=1}}
* Hyrum Andrus, ''Joseph Smith, the Man, the Seer'' (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Company, 1960), 102. {{GL1|url=http://gospelink.com/library/doc?doc_id=271098}}
* {{FR-6-1-14}}
* {{BYUS|author=Marvin S. Hill|article=Money-Digging Folklore and the Beginnings of Mormonism: An Interpretative Suggestion|vol=24|num=4|date=Fall 1984|start=?|end=??}}{{GL|url=http://gospelink.com/library/doc?doc_id=282646}}
* {{IE1|author=Francis W. Kirkham|article=The Manner of Translating The BOOK of MORMON|date=1939}} {{GL1|url=http://gospelink.com/library/doc?doc_id=242545}}
* Joseph Fielding McConkie, Craig J. Ostler, ''Revelations of the Restoration: A Commentary on the Doctrine and Covenants and Other Modern Revelations'' (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Co., 2000), D&C 9. {{GL1|url=http://gospelink.com/library/doc?doc_id=352684}}
* {{JBMS-2-2-14}}
* {{DFS1|article=A Brief Debate on the Book of Mormon|vol=1|start=350}}{{GL1|url=http://gospelink.com/library/doc?doc_id=205446}}
* {{BYUS1|author=Royal Skousen|article=Towards a Critical Edition of the Book of Mormon|start=52|date=Winter 1990|vol=30|num=1}}{{GL1|url=http://gospelink.com/library/doc?doc_id=282960}}

The charge that the Church is "hiding" or "suppressing" this material cannot be sustained.

==Conclusion==

{{nw}}

==Endnotes==

#{{note|mcgee1}} {{Ashurst-McGee-Thesis|start=200|end=215}}
#{{note|confused1}} See, for example, {{CHC1|vol=1|start=129}}; Roberts was followed by Richard S. Van Wagoner, Dan Vogel, Ogden Kraut, Jerald and Sandra Tanner, and D. Michael Quinn. See discussion in Ashurst-McGee, 247n317.
#{{note|mcgee2}} {{Ashurst-McGee-Thesis|start=200|end=283}}
#{{note|mcgee3}} {{Ashurst-McGee-Thesis|start=200|end=201}}

#{{note|chase1}} Eber Dudley Howe, ''Mormonism Unvailed'' (Painesville, Ohio: Telegraph Press, 1834), 241-242; cited in {{Dialogue|author=Richard Van Wagoner and Steven Walker|article=Joseph Smith: 'The Gift of Seeing|vol=15|num=2|date=Summer 1982|start=48|end=68}}
#{{note|chaseconfirm}} See Van Wagoner and Walker, 54.

#{{note|stonesize}} W. D. Purple, ''The Chenango Union'' (3 May 1877); cited in {{NewWitnessForChrist1|vol=2|start=365}} (See Van Wagoner and Walker, 54.)
#{{note|secondstoneappear}} Richard Marcellas Robinson, "The History of a Nephite Coin," manuscript, 20 December 1834, LDS Church archives; cited in {{Ashurst-McGee-Thesis1|start=264}}

#{{note|pin}} Joel Tiffany, ''Tiffany's Monthly'' (June 1859): 164;cited in Van Wagoner and Walker, 55.
#{{note|lucymack1}} {{biosketch|start=91|end=92}}
#{{note|marryemma1}} {{BYUS1|author=Dean C. Jessee|article=Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History|vol=17|date=August 1976|num=1|page=31}}; cited in {{Ashurst-McGee-Thesis1|start=281}}

#{{note|stoneplates1}} Mormonism—II," ''Tiffany's Monthly'' (June 1859): 163, see also 169; cited in Ashurst-McGee (2000), 286.
#{{note|henryharris1}} Henry Harris, statement in E.D. Howe ''Mormonism Unvailed'' (1833), 252; cited in Ashurst-McGee (2000), 290.
#{{note|knight1}} Joseph Knight, cited in Leonard J. Arrington and Davis Bitton, ''Saints Without Halos: The Human Side of Mormon History'' (Salt Lake City, Signature Books, 1981), 6. Spelling and punctuation have been modernized. The original text reads: "After Brackfist Joseph Cald me in to the other Room and he sit his foot on the Bed and leaned his head on his hand and says, well I am Dissopented. Well, say I, I am sorrey. Well, says he, I am grateley Dissopnted. It is ten times Better then I expected. Then he went on to tell the length and width and thickness of the plates and, said he, they appear to be gold. But he seamed to think more of the glasses or the urim and thummim than he Did of the plates for says he, I can see anything. They are Marvelous."
#{{note|harris1}} Joel Tiffany, "Mormonism—No. II," ''Tiffany's Monthly'' (June 1859): 165–166; cited in VanWagoner and Walker, footnote 27.
#{{note|harriswhite1}} Tiffany, 163.
#{{note|mouthoffools}} Told in ''Millennial Star'' 44:87; quotation from {{Ensign1|author=Kenneth W. Godfrey|article=A New Prophet and a New Scripture: The Coming Forth of the Book of Mormon|date=January 1988|start=6}}{{link|url=http://library.lds.org/nxt/gateway.dll/Magazines/Ensign/1988.htm/ensign%20january%201988.htm/a%20new%20prophet%20and%20a%20new%20scripture%20the%20coming%20forth%20of%20the%20book%20of%20mormon.htm}}
#{{note|variousstones1}} See {{Ashurst-McGee-Thesis|start=320|end=326}}

#{{note|hr1}} ''The Historical Record. Devoted Exclusively to Historical, Biographical, Chronological and Statistical Matters'', (LDS Church Archives), 632,; cited in Van Wagoner and Walker, 54. Note that Van Wagoner and Walker contain inaccurate information about the stones, their provenance, and order of discovery.
#{{note|recoverurim}} See Joseph Smith's 1838/9 history in {{EarlyMormonDocs1|vol=1|num=73}} and {{LucyMackSmith-Anderson1| start=428}}
#{{note|sh1}} ''Saints' Herald'' 26 (15 November 1879): 341.

#{{note|gazalem1}} The material on "gazelem" is derived from Van Wagoner and Walker, 56.
#{{note|wwphelps1}} {{EMS1|vol=1|num=8|date=January 1833|author=William W. Phelps (uncredited)|article=The Book of Mormon|start=58}}; cited in Van Wagoner and Walker, 53. {{link|url=http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/NCMP1820-1846,5765}}
#{{note|interchange1}} See discussion in Van Wagoner and Walker, 59–63.

# {{note|williamsmith1}} William Smith interview by J. W. Peterson and W. S. Pender, 4 July 1891, reported in ''The Rod of Iron'' 3 (February 1924): 6-7; ''Saints' Herald'' 79 (9 March 1932): 238; cited in VanWagoner and Walker, footnote 27.
#{{note|anthon1}} Charles Anthon letter to E. D. Howe, 17 Feb. 1834, published in E.D. Howe, ''Mormonism Unvailed'', 17; cited in VanWagoner and Walker, footnote 27.

#{{note|JSTandBoA}} {{Ashurst-McGee-Thesis|start=334|end=337}}
#{{note|priesthood1}} {{Ashurst-McGee-Thesis|start=332|end=333}}
#{{note|prattuandt}} {{MatureJS}} ; citing Orson Pratt, "Discourse at Brigham City," 27 June 1874, Ogden (Utah) Junction, cited in {{MS|author=Orson Pratt|article=Two Days´ Meeting at Brigham City|vol=36|date=11 August 1874|start=498|end=499}}

#{{note|revelationjohn1}} {{MatureJS}}

#{{note|fatestone}} Van Wagoner and Walker, 58–59 (citations removed).
#{{note|fatestone}} {{Ashurst-McGee-Thesis|start=230|231}}
#{{note|2ndstonefate}} Quinn, ''Early Mormonism and the Magic World View'' 242–247.
#{{note|hr1}} ''The Historical Record. Devoted Exclusively to Historical, Biographical, Chronological and Statistical Matters'' (LDS Church Archives), 632.
#{{note|nelson1}} David Whitmer, ''An Address to All Believers in Christ'' (Richmond, Mo.: n.p., 1887), 12; cited in {{Ensign1|author=Russell M. Nelson|article=A Treasured Testament|date=July 1993|start=61}}{{link|url=http://www.lds.org/ldsorg/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=2354fccf2b7db010VgnVCM1000004d82620aRCRD&locale=0&sourceId=05169209df38b010VgnVCM1000004d82620a____&hideNav=1}}



===FAIR wiki articles===
{{MagicWiki}}

===FAIR web site===
{{MagicFAIR}}

===External links===
*{{Dialogue|author=Richard Van Wagoner and Steven Walker|article=Joseph Smith: 'The Gift of Seeing|vol=15|num=2|date=Summer 1982|start=49|end=68}} {{link|url=http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/dialogue&CISOPTR=16574&REC=16}}{{NB}}
{{MagicLinks}}

===Printed material===
{{MagicPrint}}
[[de:Joseph_Smith_und_Sehersteine]]

Predefinição:JBMS-15-2-6

2009-07-12T00:30:13Z

DanaRepouille:

{{JBMS-15-2|author=S. Kent Brown |article=Refining the Spotlight on Lehi and Sariah |start=44|end=57|url=http://farms.byu.edu/publications/jbms/?vol=15&num=2&id=416 |pdf=http://farms.byu.edu/display/pdf.php?table=jbms&id=416 }}[[Template:JBMS-15-2-6| wiki]]

Predefinição:CriticalWork:Hanegraaf:Mormon Mirage

2009-03-02T00:21:14Z

DanaRepouille: Template:CriticalWork:Hanegraaf:Mormon Mirage moved to Template:CriticalWork:Hanegraaff:Mormon Mirage: Spelling

#REDIRECT [[Template:CriticalWork:Hanegraaff:Mormon Mirage]]

Predefinição:CriticalWork:Hanegraaff:Mormon Mirage

2009-03-02T00:21:14Z

DanaRepouille: Template:CriticalWork:Hanegraaf:Mormon Mirage moved to Template:CriticalWork:Hanegraaff:Mormon Mirage: Spelling

Hank Hanegraaff, ''The Mormon Mirage: Seeing Through the Illusion of Mainstream Mormonism'' (Charlotte, NC: Christian Research Institute, 2008), {{{pages}}}.

FAIRwiki:Style guide

2009-03-01T19:57:18Z

DanaRepouille: /* Scripture references */

{{EditorLinks}}This style guide gives direction on how FAIRwiki pages should be formatted and organized. Adhering to the approved style will help you create professional and appropriate wiki articles.

This article does ''not'' explain how to create pages or use Mediawiki markup language. For help with that, see [[Help:Editing]].

If you have any questions about or suggestions for the style guide, please contact [[User:GregSmith]].

==Examples of pages that meet the style==
*[[Book of Mormon textual changes]]
*[[Government during the Millennium]]

==Thou shalt...==
*'''Brevity:''' Keep articles as brief as possible. Use the ''Further reading'' section at the bottom of the article to refer readers to more detailed treatments.
*'''Doctrinally in bounds:''' Stay within boundary of acceptable LDS thought, even if your thoughts are not exactly "mainstream." For example, don't say "[[Adam-God]] is a true doctrine and the Church is wrong for not teaching it," when that is not acceptable per Spencer W. Kimball's 1975 general conference talk. You may ''believe'' it, but don't wiki it.
*'''Balance:''' If there are differences of opinion on a given subject (such as [[Foreknowledge of God|God progressing in knowledge]]), fairly state both sides of the argument.

==Thou shalt not...==
*'''Privacy:''' Thou shalt not, under ''any circumstances'', put a person's name, email address, or other personal information in a wiki article without his or her express permission. This rule includes answers from the FAIR list copied to the wiki.
*'''Sacred material:''' Thou shalt not quote language used in temple ceremonies, or describe them in such detail as would violate sacred covenants.
*'''Evil speaking:''' Thou shalt not attack the leaders of the Church (dead or living) or make personal, derogatory remarks about them. You ''may'' disagree with statements they have made, but be very careful in how you word your disagreement.

==Page layout==

In general, pages should be organized as follows:

==Criticism== (heading2)
A brief explanation of the criticism.

===Source(s) of the criticism=== (heading3)
Anti-Mormon books or web sites where the criticism originated

==Response== (heading2)
The response should be brief and summary in nature.

==Conclusion== (heading2)
A summary of the argument against the criticism.

==Endnotes== (heading2)
References to books or online sources cited or quoted in the article.

==Further reading== (heading2)

===FAIR wiki articles=== (heading3)
*Links to related articles in the wiki (bulleted)

===FAIR web site=== (heading3)
*Links to articles on the FAIR web site; Topical Guide entries go first (bulleted) as follows--
*FAIR Topical Guide: [link]

===External links=== (heading3)
*Links to external web pages (bulleted)

===Printed material=== (heading3)
*Printed resources whose text is not available online (bulleted)

A template of this page layout, ready for copy-and-paste, is available at [[FAIRwiki:New_page_template]].

To create a page based on an answer to a question submitted to the FAIR web site, use [[FAIRwiki:Answer_template]].

==Templates for special pages==
'''Draft articles''' are those with limited and/or incomplete content. This should be indicated to the reader by adding a special tag at the top of the page:

<pre><nowiki>{{draft}}</nowiki></pre>

'''Answers from the FAIR list''' are articles derived from questions submitted to the FAIR web site. Indicate this by putting this tag at the top of the page:

<pre><nowiki>{{question}}</nowiki></pre>

==Voice and narrative==

===Active voice===
In general, you should strive to use [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_voice ''active voice''] rather than [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_passive_voice ''passive voice''] in your articles. For example:
*'''Active voice (correct):''' ''Critics charge that the Church teaches unbiblical doctrines.''
*'''Passive voice (incorrect):''' ''It is charged that the Church teaches unbiblical doctrines.''

===Third person narrative===
In general write in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-person_narrative third-person narrative] and not [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-person_narrative first-] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-person_narrative second-person]. For example:
*'''Third-person (correct):''' ''Joseph Smith found the plates.''
*'''First-person (incorrect):''' ''Joseph Smith wrote what I read.''
*'''Second-person (incorrect):''' ''Joseph Smith wrote what you read.''

==Capitalization==
Words in headings should not be capitalized, except for:
*The first word in the heading.
*Proper names (e.g., Book of Mormon, Joseph Smith, etc.) and titles (e.g., President Hinckley).

==Spelling==
Please spell check your edits before saving them. There are free programs you can use to check your spelling right in your web browser:
*[http://www.iespell.com/ IESpell] for Internet Explorer
*[http://spellbound.sourceforge.net/ SpellBound] for Mozilla Firefox

Use American spelling (''color'') rather than British (''colour''). The spelling "archaeology" is used, however.

==M-dashes and n-dashes==

===M-dashes===
Instead of using two hyphens to break apart thoughts within a sentence, use an m-dash:
:'''Wrong:''' What's important about a testimony--and the key to obtaining one--is that it comes from the Holy Spirit.
:'''Right:''' What's important about a testimony—and the key to obtaining one—is that it comes from the Holy Spirit.
You can create an m-dash by typing the following code:

<pre>&mdash;</pre>

===N-dashes===
When citing page or date ranges, instead of using a hyphen, use an n-dash. An n-dash is slightly longer than a hyphen, and indicates a range.
:'''Wrong:''' John Taylor’s testimony is found in ''History of the Church'' 7:99-108.
:'''Right:''' John Taylor’s testimony is found in ''History of the Church'' 7:99–108.
You can create an n-dash by typing the following code:

<pre>&ndash;</pre>

==Links==
===General rule===
One of the major features of a wiki is the ability to create links within an article to other articles on related subjects. In general, you should strive to create ''appropriate'' links to wiki articles and web pages the reader may find useful.

However, do not create links to subjects that are not apologetic in nature. For example, a link to page on [[Neal A. Maxwell]] is probably not appropriate, because Elder Maxwell, in and of himself, is not an apologetic topic.

===Subject page===
The exception to the general rule is to create a subject page for a topic that will point to reader to specific articles that are apologetically-based.

For example, a page for [[Gordon B. Hinckley]] could be created that would simply refer the reader to articles where his life and actions are examined (such as [[Church reaction to Hofmann forgeries]] and [[Downplaying the King Follett Discourse]].

===Anti-Mormon sites===
FAIR's policy is that we will ''not'' link to anti-Mormon web pages. If you cite an anti-Mormon web page or book, you may provide the site name (e.g., "Institute for Religious Research" or "Mormonism Research Ministry"), but do not create a link or publish a URL.

===Templates of Links===
Some topics (e.g. polygamy) have multiple subpages. The FAIR articles or FairWiki pages that should be listed under "further reading" are often the same for all these pages. It is very tedious to have to update each page with references.

Instead, where possible create a template of links, and then simply insert the template into each webpage by entering the code:

<nowiki> {{template_name_here}} </nowiki>

A master list of link templates is available [[FAIRwiki:Templates | here]]; please update this list if you create new templates.

==Citations==
===Importance===
Remember, the purpose of the wiki is to give ''quick answers'' to commonly-asked questions, then to direct the reader to further resources. It is ''critical'' that you provide references for additional reading.

Try to always include:
*A link to the FAIR Topical Guide entry for the subject (if it exists) and/or articles on the FAIR web site.
*''Reliable'' articles on other web sites.
*Books and periodicals.

===Format===
Published works should be referenced in this format (note the use of quotes and italics):
:'''Book''':
:*Bruce R. McConkie, ed., ''Doctrines of Salvation: Sermons and Writings of Joseph Fielding Smith'' (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1954), 1:25.
:'''Article in a periodical:'''
:*George Horton, "Understanding Textual Changes in the Book of Mormon," ''Ensign'' (December 1983): 25.
:'''Web site:'''
:*Jeff Lindsay, "Book of Mormon Evidences," ''jefflindsay.com'' (accessed 2 October 2005).{{link|url=http://www.jefflindsay.com/BMEvidences.shtml}}
See the example pages, referenced above, for examples of how to format different types of citations.

===Footnotes and Endnotes===
There is a system which will create superscript footnotes, with an 'endnote' link to the bottom of the page.

====Inserting the superscript link====
1) To insert the superscript in the text, type
<nowiki> {{ref|name}} </nowiki>
where "name" is a unique name for the footnote, resulting in:

''Example'':The first person to notice this was Hugh Nibley.{{ref|Nibley}}

====Creating endnote text====
2) Then, create the endnote text and link where you wish it to appear (usually under the "endnote" section), like this:

<nowiki> {{note|name}} </nowiki>

Where "name" is the same ''unique'' name you gave the "ref" footnote in the body article.

Note that you '''''must still put the note text in the proper sequential order''''', so that the automatic Wiki list numbering will number them in the same way as the superscripts.

Since this is the first reference, the edited text should look like:

<nowiki> ==Endnotes==
# {{note|name}} Hugh W. Nibley, ''Since Cumorah'' (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1966).
# {{note|name2}} <--- the second reference here
# {{note|name3}} <--- the third reference here

...and so on.

</nowiki>

Note the "#" code at the beginning of each line, to make a numbered list. Note that this is where you place the actual reference information.

The result gives us something like this:

'''Endnote Example''' 
#{{note|Nibley}} Hugh W. Nibley, ''Since Cumorah'' (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1966).

====Adding a reference between two existing references====
If you need to add a reference between two references (say between name2 and name3 above) this can be done. You don't have to renumber anything (since this is done for you), but you must put the new reference in the proper spot, like so:

<nowiki> ==Endnotes==
# {{note|name}}
# {{note|name2}}
# {{note|name4}} <--- Note the new reference inserted here!
# {{note|name3}}

</nowiki>

====Avoid empty HTML links in article body====
'''''Important''''': Note that if you put an 'empty' http:// external link like this:

<nowiki> [http://www.fairlds.org] </nowiki>

You will get a footnote-like link.[http://www.fairlds.org]

This link will "offset" any superscript links you've created with this method, since it is a numbered link. All subsequent endnotes will be "off by one." So:

*don't use 'empty' external links in the main body; use something like
<nowiki> [http://www.fairlds.org FAIR]</nowiki>

which gives a link like this: [http://www.fairlds.org FAIR].

*'empty' links in the 'further reading' section are OK if you must, since they come ''after'' all endnotes and so won't offset the counting, but are probably better avoided for stylistic reasons. Use labeled notes as above so people know what you're linking to!

====Further helps and information====
To provide help to future editors, if the text:
<nowiki> {{subst:Footnote boilerplate}} </nowiki>

is placed at the beginning of an "endnote" section, the "subst" command will replace it with some commented text summarizing these instructions.

For more information about what's going on under the hood and some more complex examples, see:
[[FAIRwiki:Footnotes]]

To see an example, go to [[Church reaction to Hofmann forgeries]].

===Scripture references===

Scripture citations should include a link to the scriptural passage on LDS.org, using the scripture template:

<nowiki>{{scripture|1|Nephi|3|7}}</nowiki>

Gives: {{scripture|1|Nephi|3|7}}

Learn how to use it [[FAIRWiki:Scripture_template_how_to |here]].

Notes:
* please cite the full name of a book of scripture (e.g. Nephi, not Ne.)
* use dashes, not n-dashes for spans of verses, since the lds.org scripture parser can't recognize anything but plain dashes. (i.e. just use the dash key on your keyboard, to the right of the zero key; no need for anything fancy.)
* If you refer to several passages in the same book, you'll need to repeat the book name. For example, "Mormon 8:17; 9:12" now has to read "Mormon 8:17; Mormon 9:12."

The template use makes using and reading scripture references much more friendly, so we feel these are a small price to pay for that convenience. Using a template also lets us modify how we present scripture references in the future by modifying one page, instead of thousands of entries, so this gives us future compatibility.

'''''NOTE''''': There is another template called <nowiki>{{Bible}}</nowiki> or <nowiki>{{B}}</nowiki> that works in exactly the same way as <nowiki>{{Scripture}}</nowiki> and <nowiki>{{S}}</nowiki> in English. If we use the Bible links in English, then English pages will be more easily converted into other languages, who must generally use a non-LDS site for Bible references, since the lds.org site does not have any Bibles besides the KJV. Either will work, but translators will thank you if use the Bible ones, because then they won't have to convert them later.

===Reference templates===

A complete list of [[FAIRwiki:Templates|reference and editing templates]] is available.

These templates have been created for works commonly cited. Rather than typing the entire reference for (say) John Sorenson's ''Ancient American Setting," one simply uses the template:

<nowiki> {{Aas|start=3|end=5}}</nowiki>

This produces the reference from page 3–5 for this book: 

{{Aas|start=3|end=5}}

Note that most templates have a 'sister' template with the digit "1" after it. This is for single page references, like so:

<nowiki> {{Aas1|start=3}}</nowiki>

This gives:

{{Aas1|start=3|end=5}}

Template which end in a number:

<nowiki> {{Nibley1|start=3|end=5}}</nowiki>

Use an underscore and a one to indicate one page: _1. As so:

<nowiki> {{Nibley1_1|start=3}}</nowiki>

Producing: 

{{Nibley1_1|start=3}}

===Non-English pages - tips and hints===

If you are using an American-style keyboard running under Microsoft Windows, and you wish to contribute to non-English pages, consider downloading the free Allchars program [http://allchars.zwolnet.com/download/program.html here]. It allows you to type accented characters directly into the web-browser (or any other text area in Windows).

FAIRwiki:Style guide

2009-03-01T19:55:04Z

DanaRepouille: /* Further helps and information */

{{EditorLinks}}This style guide gives direction on how FAIRwiki pages should be formatted and organized. Adhering to the approved style will help you create professional and appropriate wiki articles.

This article does ''not'' explain how to create pages or use Mediawiki markup language. For help with that, see [[Help:Editing]].

If you have any questions about or suggestions for the style guide, please contact [[User:GregSmith]].

==Examples of pages that meet the style==
*[[Book of Mormon textual changes]]
*[[Government during the Millennium]]

==Thou shalt...==
*'''Brevity:''' Keep articles as brief as possible. Use the ''Further reading'' section at the bottom of the article to refer readers to more detailed treatments.
*'''Doctrinally in bounds:''' Stay within boundary of acceptable LDS thought, even if your thoughts are not exactly "mainstream." For example, don't say "[[Adam-God]] is a true doctrine and the Church is wrong for not teaching it," when that is not acceptable per Spencer W. Kimball's 1975 general conference talk. You may ''believe'' it, but don't wiki it.
*'''Balance:''' If there are differences of opinion on a given subject (such as [[Foreknowledge of God|God progressing in knowledge]]), fairly state both sides of the argument.

==Thou shalt not...==
*'''Privacy:''' Thou shalt not, under ''any circumstances'', put a person's name, email address, or other personal information in a wiki article without his or her express permission. This rule includes answers from the FAIR list copied to the wiki.
*'''Sacred material:''' Thou shalt not quote language used in temple ceremonies, or describe them in such detail as would violate sacred covenants.
*'''Evil speaking:''' Thou shalt not attack the leaders of the Church (dead or living) or make personal, derogatory remarks about them. You ''may'' disagree with statements they have made, but be very careful in how you word your disagreement.

==Page layout==

In general, pages should be organized as follows:

==Criticism== (heading2)
A brief explanation of the criticism.

===Source(s) of the criticism=== (heading3)
Anti-Mormon books or web sites where the criticism originated

==Response== (heading2)
The response should be brief and summary in nature.

==Conclusion== (heading2)
A summary of the argument against the criticism.

==Endnotes== (heading2)
References to books or online sources cited or quoted in the article.

==Further reading== (heading2)

===FAIR wiki articles=== (heading3)
*Links to related articles in the wiki (bulleted)

===FAIR web site=== (heading3)
*Links to articles on the FAIR web site; Topical Guide entries go first (bulleted) as follows--
*FAIR Topical Guide: [link]

===External links=== (heading3)
*Links to external web pages (bulleted)

===Printed material=== (heading3)
*Printed resources whose text is not available online (bulleted)

A template of this page layout, ready for copy-and-paste, is available at [[FAIRwiki:New_page_template]].

To create a page based on an answer to a question submitted to the FAIR web site, use [[FAIRwiki:Answer_template]].

==Templates for special pages==
'''Draft articles''' are those with limited and/or incomplete content. This should be indicated to the reader by adding a special tag at the top of the page:

<pre><nowiki>{{draft}}</nowiki></pre>

'''Answers from the FAIR list''' are articles derived from questions submitted to the FAIR web site. Indicate this by putting this tag at the top of the page:

<pre><nowiki>{{question}}</nowiki></pre>

==Voice and narrative==

===Active voice===
In general, you should strive to use [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_voice ''active voice''] rather than [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_passive_voice ''passive voice''] in your articles. For example:
*'''Active voice (correct):''' ''Critics charge that the Church teaches unbiblical doctrines.''
*'''Passive voice (incorrect):''' ''It is charged that the Church teaches unbiblical doctrines.''

===Third person narrative===
In general write in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-person_narrative third-person narrative] and not [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-person_narrative first-] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-person_narrative second-person]. For example:
*'''Third-person (correct):''' ''Joseph Smith found the plates.''
*'''First-person (incorrect):''' ''Joseph Smith wrote what I read.''
*'''Second-person (incorrect):''' ''Joseph Smith wrote what you read.''

==Capitalization==
Words in headings should not be capitalized, except for:
*The first word in the heading.
*Proper names (e.g., Book of Mormon, Joseph Smith, etc.) and titles (e.g., President Hinckley).

==Spelling==
Please spell check your edits before saving them. There are free programs you can use to check your spelling right in your web browser:
*[http://www.iespell.com/ IESpell] for Internet Explorer
*[http://spellbound.sourceforge.net/ SpellBound] for Mozilla Firefox

Use American spelling (''color'') rather than British (''colour''). The spelling "archaeology" is used, however.

==M-dashes and n-dashes==

===M-dashes===
Instead of using two hyphens to break apart thoughts within a sentence, use an m-dash:
:'''Wrong:''' What's important about a testimony--and the key to obtaining one--is that it comes from the Holy Spirit.
:'''Right:''' What's important about a testimony—and the key to obtaining one—is that it comes from the Holy Spirit.
You can create an m-dash by typing the following code:

<pre>&mdash;</pre>

===N-dashes===
When citing page or date ranges, instead of using a hyphen, use an n-dash. An n-dash is slightly longer than a hyphen, and indicates a range.
:'''Wrong:''' John Taylor’s testimony is found in ''History of the Church'' 7:99-108.
:'''Right:''' John Taylor’s testimony is found in ''History of the Church'' 7:99–108.
You can create an n-dash by typing the following code:

<pre>&ndash;</pre>

==Links==
===General rule===
One of the major features of a wiki is the ability to create links within an article to other articles on related subjects. In general, you should strive to create ''appropriate'' links to wiki articles and web pages the reader may find useful.

However, do not create links to subjects that are not apologetic in nature. For example, a link to page on [[Neal A. Maxwell]] is probably not appropriate, because Elder Maxwell, in and of himself, is not an apologetic topic.

===Subject page===
The exception to the general rule is to create a subject page for a topic that will point to reader to specific articles that are apologetically-based.

For example, a page for [[Gordon B. Hinckley]] could be created that would simply refer the reader to articles where his life and actions are examined (such as [[Church reaction to Hofmann forgeries]] and [[Downplaying the King Follett Discourse]].

===Anti-Mormon sites===
FAIR's policy is that we will ''not'' link to anti-Mormon web pages. If you cite an anti-Mormon web page or book, you may provide the site name (e.g., "Institute for Religious Research" or "Mormonism Research Ministry"), but do not create a link or publish a URL.

===Templates of Links===
Some topics (e.g. polygamy) have multiple subpages. The FAIR articles or FairWiki pages that should be listed under "further reading" are often the same for all these pages. It is very tedious to have to update each page with references.

Instead, where possible create a template of links, and then simply insert the template into each webpage by entering the code:

<nowiki> {{template_name_here}} </nowiki>

A master list of link templates is available [[FAIRwiki:Templates | here]]; please update this list if you create new templates.

==Citations==
===Importance===
Remember, the purpose of the wiki is to give ''quick answers'' to commonly-asked questions, then to direct the reader to further resources. It is ''critical'' that you provide references for additional reading.

Try to always include:
*A link to the FAIR Topical Guide entry for the subject (if it exists) and/or articles on the FAIR web site.
*''Reliable'' articles on other web sites.
*Books and periodicals.

===Format===
Published works should be referenced in this format (note the use of quotes and italics):
:'''Book''':
:*Bruce R. McConkie, ed., ''Doctrines of Salvation: Sermons and Writings of Joseph Fielding Smith'' (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1954), 1:25.
:'''Article in a periodical:'''
:*George Horton, "Understanding Textual Changes in the Book of Mormon," ''Ensign'' (December 1983): 25.
:'''Web site:'''
:*Jeff Lindsay, "Book of Mormon Evidences," ''jefflindsay.com'' (accessed 2 October 2005).{{link|url=http://www.jefflindsay.com/BMEvidences.shtml}}
See the example pages, referenced above, for examples of how to format different types of citations.

===Footnotes and Endnotes===
There is a system which will create superscript footnotes, with an 'endnote' link to the bottom of the page.

====Inserting the superscript link====
1) To insert the superscript in the text, type
<nowiki> {{ref|name}} </nowiki>
where "name" is a unique name for the footnote, resulting in:

''Example'':The first person to notice this was Hugh Nibley.{{ref|Nibley}}

====Creating endnote text====
2) Then, create the endnote text and link where you wish it to appear (usually under the "endnote" section), like this:

<nowiki> {{note|name}} </nowiki>

Where "name" is the same ''unique'' name you gave the "ref" footnote in the body article.

Note that you '''''must still put the note text in the proper sequential order''''', so that the automatic Wiki list numbering will number them in the same way as the superscripts.

Since this is the first reference, the edited text should look like:

<nowiki> ==Endnotes==
# {{note|name}} Hugh W. Nibley, ''Since Cumorah'' (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1966).
# {{note|name2}} <--- the second reference here
# {{note|name3}} <--- the third reference here

...and so on.

</nowiki>

Note the "#" code at the beginning of each line, to make a numbered list. Note that this is where you place the actual reference information.

The result gives us something like this:

'''Endnote Example''' 
#{{note|Nibley}} Hugh W. Nibley, ''Since Cumorah'' (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1966).

====Adding a reference between two existing references====
If you need to add a reference between two references (say between name2 and name3 above) this can be done. You don't have to renumber anything (since this is done for you), but you must put the new reference in the proper spot, like so:

<nowiki> ==Endnotes==
# {{note|name}}
# {{note|name2}}
# {{note|name4}} <--- Note the new reference inserted here!
# {{note|name3}}

</nowiki>

====Avoid empty HTML links in article body====
'''''Important''''': Note that if you put an 'empty' http:// external link like this:

<nowiki> [http://www.fairlds.org] </nowiki>

You will get a footnote-like link.[http://www.fairlds.org]

This link will "offset" any superscript links you've created with this method, since it is a numbered link. All subsequent endnotes will be "off by one." So:

*don't use 'empty' external links in the main body; use something like
<nowiki> [http://www.fairlds.org FAIR]</nowiki>

which gives a link like this: [http://www.fairlds.org FAIR].

*'empty' links in the 'further reading' section are OK if you must, since they come ''after'' all endnotes and so won't offset the counting, but are probably better avoided for stylistic reasons. Use labeled notes as above so people know what you're linking to!

====Further helps and information====
To provide help to future editors, if the text:
<nowiki> {{subst:Footnote boilerplate}} </nowiki>

is placed at the beginning of an "endnote" section, the "subst" command will replace it with some commented text summarizing these instructions.

For more information about what's going on under the hood and some more complex examples, see:
[[FAIRwiki:Footnotes]]

To see an example, go to [[Church reaction to Hofmann forgeries]].

===Scripture references===

Scripture citations should include a link to the scriptural passage on LDS.org, using the scripture template:

<nowiki>{{scripture|1|Nephi|3|7}}</nowiki>

Gives: {{scripture|1|Nephi|3|7}}

Learn how to use it [[FAIRWiki:Scripture_template_how_to |here]].

Notes:
* please cite the full name of a book of scripture (e.g. Nephi, not Ne.)
* use dashes, not n-dashes for spans of verses, since the lds.org scripture parser can't recognize anything but plain dashes. (i.e. just use the dash key on your keyboard, to the right of the zero key; no need for anything fancy.)
* If you refer to several passages in the same book, you'll need to repeat the book name. For example, "Mormon 8:17; 9:12" now has to read "Mormon 8:17; Mormon 9:12."

The template use makes using and reading scripture references much more friendly, so we feel these are a small price to pay for that convienience. Using a template also lets us modify how we present scripture references in the future by modifying one page, insead of thousands of entires, so this gives us future compatibility.

'''''NOTE''''': There is another template called <nowiki>{{Bible}}</nowiki> or <nowiki>{{B}}</nowiki> that works in exactly the same way as <nowiki>{{Scripture}}</nowiki> and <nowiki>{{S}}</nowiki> in English. If we use the Bible links in English, then English pages will be more easily converted into other languages, who must generally use a non-LDS site for Bible references, since the lds.org site does not have any Bibles besides the KJV. Either will work, but translators will thank you if use the Bible ones, because then they won't have to convert them later.

===Reference templates===

A complete list of [[FAIRwiki:Templates|reference and editing templates]] is available.

These templates have been created for works commonly cited. Rather than typing the entire reference for (say) John Sorenson's ''Ancient American Setting," one simply uses the template:

<nowiki> {{Aas|start=3|end=5}}</nowiki>

This produces the reference from page 3–5 for this book: 

{{Aas|start=3|end=5}}

Note that most templates have a 'sister' template with the digit "1" after it. This is for single page references, like so:

<nowiki> {{Aas1|start=3}}</nowiki>

This gives:

{{Aas1|start=3|end=5}}

Template which end in a number:

<nowiki> {{Nibley1|start=3|end=5}}</nowiki>

Use an underscore and a one to indicate one page: _1. As so:

<nowiki> {{Nibley1_1|start=3}}</nowiki>

Producing: 

{{Nibley1_1|start=3}}

===Non-English pages - tips and hints===

If you are using an American-style keyboard running under Microsoft Windows, and you wish to contribute to non-English pages, consider downloading the free Allchars program [http://allchars.zwolnet.com/download/program.html here]. It allows you to type accented characters directly into the web-browser (or any other text area in Windows).

FAIRwiki:Style guide

2009-03-01T19:54:17Z

DanaRepouille: /* Templates of Links */

{{EditorLinks}}This style guide gives direction on how FAIRwiki pages should be formatted and organized. Adhering to the approved style will help you create professional and appropriate wiki articles.

This article does ''not'' explain how to create pages or use Mediawiki markup language. For help with that, see [[Help:Editing]].

If you have any questions about or suggestions for the style guide, please contact [[User:GregSmith]].

==Examples of pages that meet the style==
*[[Book of Mormon textual changes]]
*[[Government during the Millennium]]

==Thou shalt...==
*'''Brevity:''' Keep articles as brief as possible. Use the ''Further reading'' section at the bottom of the article to refer readers to more detailed treatments.
*'''Doctrinally in bounds:''' Stay within boundary of acceptable LDS thought, even if your thoughts are not exactly "mainstream." For example, don't say "[[Adam-God]] is a true doctrine and the Church is wrong for not teaching it," when that is not acceptable per Spencer W. Kimball's 1975 general conference talk. You may ''believe'' it, but don't wiki it.
*'''Balance:''' If there are differences of opinion on a given subject (such as [[Foreknowledge of God|God progressing in knowledge]]), fairly state both sides of the argument.

==Thou shalt not...==
*'''Privacy:''' Thou shalt not, under ''any circumstances'', put a person's name, email address, or other personal information in a wiki article without his or her express permission. This rule includes answers from the FAIR list copied to the wiki.
*'''Sacred material:''' Thou shalt not quote language used in temple ceremonies, or describe them in such detail as would violate sacred covenants.
*'''Evil speaking:''' Thou shalt not attack the leaders of the Church (dead or living) or make personal, derogatory remarks about them. You ''may'' disagree with statements they have made, but be very careful in how you word your disagreement.

==Page layout==

In general, pages should be organized as follows:

==Criticism== (heading2)
A brief explanation of the criticism.

===Source(s) of the criticism=== (heading3)
Anti-Mormon books or web sites where the criticism originated

==Response== (heading2)
The response should be brief and summary in nature.

==Conclusion== (heading2)
A summary of the argument against the criticism.

==Endnotes== (heading2)
References to books or online sources cited or quoted in the article.

==Further reading== (heading2)

===FAIR wiki articles=== (heading3)
*Links to related articles in the wiki (bulleted)

===FAIR web site=== (heading3)
*Links to articles on the FAIR web site; Topical Guide entries go first (bulleted) as follows--
*FAIR Topical Guide: [link]

===External links=== (heading3)
*Links to external web pages (bulleted)

===Printed material=== (heading3)
*Printed resources whose text is not available online (bulleted)

A template of this page layout, ready for copy-and-paste, is available at [[FAIRwiki:New_page_template]].

To create a page based on an answer to a question submitted to the FAIR web site, use [[FAIRwiki:Answer_template]].

==Templates for special pages==
'''Draft articles''' are those with limited and/or incomplete content. This should be indicated to the reader by adding a special tag at the top of the page:

<pre><nowiki>{{draft}}</nowiki></pre>

'''Answers from the FAIR list''' are articles derived from questions submitted to the FAIR web site. Indicate this by putting this tag at the top of the page:

<pre><nowiki>{{question}}</nowiki></pre>

==Voice and narrative==

===Active voice===
In general, you should strive to use [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_voice ''active voice''] rather than [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_passive_voice ''passive voice''] in your articles. For example:
*'''Active voice (correct):''' ''Critics charge that the Church teaches unbiblical doctrines.''
*'''Passive voice (incorrect):''' ''It is charged that the Church teaches unbiblical doctrines.''

===Third person narrative===
In general write in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-person_narrative third-person narrative] and not [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-person_narrative first-] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-person_narrative second-person]. For example:
*'''Third-person (correct):''' ''Joseph Smith found the plates.''
*'''First-person (incorrect):''' ''Joseph Smith wrote what I read.''
*'''Second-person (incorrect):''' ''Joseph Smith wrote what you read.''

==Capitalization==
Words in headings should not be capitalized, except for:
*The first word in the heading.
*Proper names (e.g., Book of Mormon, Joseph Smith, etc.) and titles (e.g., President Hinckley).

==Spelling==
Please spell check your edits before saving them. There are free programs you can use to check your spelling right in your web browser:
*[http://www.iespell.com/ IESpell] for Internet Explorer
*[http://spellbound.sourceforge.net/ SpellBound] for Mozilla Firefox

Use American spelling (''color'') rather than British (''colour''). The spelling "archaeology" is used, however.

==M-dashes and n-dashes==

===M-dashes===
Instead of using two hyphens to break apart thoughts within a sentence, use an m-dash:
:'''Wrong:''' What's important about a testimony--and the key to obtaining one--is that it comes from the Holy Spirit.
:'''Right:''' What's important about a testimony—and the key to obtaining one—is that it comes from the Holy Spirit.
You can create an m-dash by typing the following code:

<pre>&mdash;</pre>

===N-dashes===
When citing page or date ranges, instead of using a hyphen, use an n-dash. An n-dash is slightly longer than a hyphen, and indicates a range.
:'''Wrong:''' John Taylor’s testimony is found in ''History of the Church'' 7:99-108.
:'''Right:''' John Taylor’s testimony is found in ''History of the Church'' 7:99–108.
You can create an n-dash by typing the following code:

<pre>&ndash;</pre>

==Links==
===General rule===
One of the major features of a wiki is the ability to create links within an article to other articles on related subjects. In general, you should strive to create ''appropriate'' links to wiki articles and web pages the reader may find useful.

However, do not create links to subjects that are not apologetic in nature. For example, a link to page on [[Neal A. Maxwell]] is probably not appropriate, because Elder Maxwell, in and of himself, is not an apologetic topic.

===Subject page===
The exception to the general rule is to create a subject page for a topic that will point to reader to specific articles that are apologetically-based.

For example, a page for [[Gordon B. Hinckley]] could be created that would simply refer the reader to articles where his life and actions are examined (such as [[Church reaction to Hofmann forgeries]] and [[Downplaying the King Follett Discourse]].

===Anti-Mormon sites===
FAIR's policy is that we will ''not'' link to anti-Mormon web pages. If you cite an anti-Mormon web page or book, you may provide the site name (e.g., "Institute for Religious Research" or "Mormonism Research Ministry"), but do not create a link or publish a URL.

===Templates of Links===
Some topics (e.g. polygamy) have multiple subpages. The FAIR articles or FairWiki pages that should be listed under "further reading" are often the same for all these pages. It is very tedious to have to update each page with references.

Instead, where possible create a template of links, and then simply insert the template into each webpage by entering the code:

<nowiki> {{template_name_here}} </nowiki>

A master list of link templates is available [[FAIRwiki:Templates | here]]; please update this list if you create new templates.

==Citations==
===Importance===
Remember, the purpose of the wiki is to give ''quick answers'' to commonly-asked questions, then to direct the reader to further resources. It is ''critical'' that you provide references for additional reading.

Try to always include:
*A link to the FAIR Topical Guide entry for the subject (if it exists) and/or articles on the FAIR web site.
*''Reliable'' articles on other web sites.
*Books and periodicals.

===Format===
Published works should be referenced in this format (note the use of quotes and italics):
:'''Book''':
:*Bruce R. McConkie, ed., ''Doctrines of Salvation: Sermons and Writings of Joseph Fielding Smith'' (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1954), 1:25.
:'''Article in a periodical:'''
:*George Horton, "Understanding Textual Changes in the Book of Mormon," ''Ensign'' (December 1983): 25.
:'''Web site:'''
:*Jeff Lindsay, "Book of Mormon Evidences," ''jefflindsay.com'' (accessed 2 October 2005).{{link|url=http://www.jefflindsay.com/BMEvidences.shtml}}
See the example pages, referenced above, for examples of how to format different types of citations.

===Footnotes and Endnotes===
There is a system which will create superscript footnotes, with an 'endnote' link to the bottom of the page.

====Inserting the superscript link====
1) To insert the superscript in the text, type
<nowiki> {{ref|name}} </nowiki>
where "name" is a unique name for the footnote, resulting in:

''Example'':The first person to notice this was Hugh Nibley.{{ref|Nibley}}

====Creating endnote text====
2) Then, create the endnote text and link where you wish it to appear (usually under the "endnote" section), like this:

<nowiki> {{note|name}} </nowiki>

Where "name" is the same ''unique'' name you gave the "ref" footnote in the body article.

Note that you '''''must still put the note text in the proper sequential order''''', so that the automatic Wiki list numbering will number them in the same way as the superscripts.

Since this is the first reference, the edited text should look like:

<nowiki> ==Endnotes==
# {{note|name}} Hugh W. Nibley, ''Since Cumorah'' (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1966).
# {{note|name2}} <--- the second reference here
# {{note|name3}} <--- the third reference here

...and so on.

</nowiki>

Note the "#" code at the beginning of each line, to make a numbered list. Note that this is where you place the actual reference information.

The result gives us something like this:

'''Endnote Example''' 
#{{note|Nibley}} Hugh W. Nibley, ''Since Cumorah'' (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1966).

====Adding a reference between two existing references====
If you need to add a reference between two references (say between name2 and name3 above) this can be done. You don't have to renumber anything (since this is done for you), but you must put the new reference in the proper spot, like so:

<nowiki> ==Endnotes==
# {{note|name}}
# {{note|name2}}
# {{note|name4}} <--- Note the new reference inserted here!
# {{note|name3}}

</nowiki>

====Avoid empty HTML links in article body====
'''''Important''''': Note that if you put an 'empty' http:// external link like this:

<nowiki> [http://www.fairlds.org] </nowiki>

You will get a footnote-like link.[http://www.fairlds.org]

This link will "offset" any superscript links you've created with this method, since it is a numbered link. All subsequent endnotes will be "off by one." So:

*don't use 'empty' external links in the main body; use something like
<nowiki> [http://www.fairlds.org FAIR]</nowiki>

which gives a link like this: [http://www.fairlds.org FAIR].

*'empty' links in the 'further reading' section are OK if you must, since they come ''after'' all endnotes and so won't offset the counting, but are probably better avoided for stylistic reasons. Use labeled notes as above so people know what you're linking to!

====Further helps and information====
To provide help to future editors, if the text:
<nowiki> {{subst:Footnote boilerplate}} </nowiki>

is placed at the begining of an "endnote" section, the "subst" command will replace it with some commented text summarizing these instructions.

For more information about what's going on under the hood and some more complex examples, see:
[[FAIRwiki:Footnotes]]

To see an example, go to [[Church reaction to Hofmann forgeries]].

===Scripture references===

Scripture citations should include a link to the scriptural passage on LDS.org, using the scripture template:

<nowiki>{{scripture|1|Nephi|3|7}}</nowiki>

Gives: {{scripture|1|Nephi|3|7}}

Learn how to use it [[FAIRWiki:Scripture_template_how_to |here]].

Notes:
* please cite the full name of a book of scripture (e.g. Nephi, not Ne.)
* use dashes, not n-dashes for spans of verses, since the lds.org scripture parser can't recognize anything but plain dashes. (i.e. just use the dash key on your keyboard, to the right of the zero key; no need for anything fancy.)
* If you refer to several passages in the same book, you'll need to repeat the book name. For example, "Mormon 8:17; 9:12" now has to read "Mormon 8:17; Mormon 9:12."

The template use makes using and reading scripture references much more friendly, so we feel these are a small price to pay for that convienience. Using a template also lets us modify how we present scripture references in the future by modifying one page, insead of thousands of entires, so this gives us future compatibility.

'''''NOTE''''': There is another template called <nowiki>{{Bible}}</nowiki> or <nowiki>{{B}}</nowiki> that works in exactly the same way as <nowiki>{{Scripture}}</nowiki> and <nowiki>{{S}}</nowiki> in English. If we use the Bible links in English, then English pages will be more easily converted into other languages, who must generally use a non-LDS site for Bible references, since the lds.org site does not have any Bibles besides the KJV. Either will work, but translators will thank you if use the Bible ones, because then they won't have to convert them later.

===Reference templates===

A complete list of [[FAIRwiki:Templates|reference and editing templates]] is available.

These templates have been created for works commonly cited. Rather than typing the entire reference for (say) John Sorenson's ''Ancient American Setting," one simply uses the template:

<nowiki> {{Aas|start=3|end=5}}</nowiki>

This produces the reference from page 3–5 for this book: 

{{Aas|start=3|end=5}}

Note that most templates have a 'sister' template with the digit "1" after it. This is for single page references, like so:

<nowiki> {{Aas1|start=3}}</nowiki>

This gives:

{{Aas1|start=3|end=5}}

Template which end in a number:

<nowiki> {{Nibley1|start=3|end=5}}</nowiki>

Use an underscore and a one to indicate one page: _1. As so:

<nowiki> {{Nibley1_1|start=3}}</nowiki>

Producing: 

{{Nibley1_1|start=3}}

===Non-English pages - tips and hints===

If you are using an American-style keyboard running under Microsoft Windows, and you wish to contribute to non-English pages, consider downloading the free Allchars program [http://allchars.zwolnet.com/download/program.html here]. It allows you to type accented characters directly into the web-browser (or any other text area in Windows).

FAIRwiki:Style guide

2009-03-01T19:53:02Z

DanaRepouille: /* Templates for special pages */

{{EditorLinks}}This style guide gives direction on how FAIRwiki pages should be formatted and organized. Adhering to the approved style will help you create professional and appropriate wiki articles.

This article does ''not'' explain how to create pages or use Mediawiki markup language. For help with that, see [[Help:Editing]].

If you have any questions about or suggestions for the style guide, please contact [[User:GregSmith]].

==Examples of pages that meet the style==
*[[Book of Mormon textual changes]]
*[[Government during the Millennium]]

==Thou shalt...==
*'''Brevity:''' Keep articles as brief as possible. Use the ''Further reading'' section at the bottom of the article to refer readers to more detailed treatments.
*'''Doctrinally in bounds:''' Stay within boundary of acceptable LDS thought, even if your thoughts are not exactly "mainstream." For example, don't say "[[Adam-God]] is a true doctrine and the Church is wrong for not teaching it," when that is not acceptable per Spencer W. Kimball's 1975 general conference talk. You may ''believe'' it, but don't wiki it.
*'''Balance:''' If there are differences of opinion on a given subject (such as [[Foreknowledge of God|God progressing in knowledge]]), fairly state both sides of the argument.

==Thou shalt not...==
*'''Privacy:''' Thou shalt not, under ''any circumstances'', put a person's name, email address, or other personal information in a wiki article without his or her express permission. This rule includes answers from the FAIR list copied to the wiki.
*'''Sacred material:''' Thou shalt not quote language used in temple ceremonies, or describe them in such detail as would violate sacred covenants.
*'''Evil speaking:''' Thou shalt not attack the leaders of the Church (dead or living) or make personal, derogatory remarks about them. You ''may'' disagree with statements they have made, but be very careful in how you word your disagreement.

==Page layout==

In general, pages should be organized as follows:

==Criticism== (heading2)
A brief explanation of the criticism.

===Source(s) of the criticism=== (heading3)
Anti-Mormon books or web sites where the criticism originated

==Response== (heading2)
The response should be brief and summary in nature.

==Conclusion== (heading2)
A summary of the argument against the criticism.

==Endnotes== (heading2)
References to books or online sources cited or quoted in the article.

==Further reading== (heading2)

===FAIR wiki articles=== (heading3)
*Links to related articles in the wiki (bulleted)

===FAIR web site=== (heading3)
*Links to articles on the FAIR web site; Topical Guide entries go first (bulleted) as follows--
*FAIR Topical Guide: [link]

===External links=== (heading3)
*Links to external web pages (bulleted)

===Printed material=== (heading3)
*Printed resources whose text is not available online (bulleted)

A template of this page layout, ready for copy-and-paste, is available at [[FAIRwiki:New_page_template]].

To create a page based on an answer to a question submitted to the FAIR web site, use [[FAIRwiki:Answer_template]].

==Templates for special pages==
'''Draft articles''' are those with limited and/or incomplete content. This should be indicated to the reader by adding a special tag at the top of the page:

<pre><nowiki>{{draft}}</nowiki></pre>

'''Answers from the FAIR list''' are articles derived from questions submitted to the FAIR web site. Indicate this by putting this tag at the top of the page:

<pre><nowiki>{{question}}</nowiki></pre>

==Voice and narrative==

===Active voice===
In general, you should strive to use [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_voice ''active voice''] rather than [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_passive_voice ''passive voice''] in your articles. For example:
*'''Active voice (correct):''' ''Critics charge that the Church teaches unbiblical doctrines.''
*'''Passive voice (incorrect):''' ''It is charged that the Church teaches unbiblical doctrines.''

===Third person narrative===
In general write in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-person_narrative third-person narrative] and not [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-person_narrative first-] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-person_narrative second-person]. For example:
*'''Third-person (correct):''' ''Joseph Smith found the plates.''
*'''First-person (incorrect):''' ''Joseph Smith wrote what I read.''
*'''Second-person (incorrect):''' ''Joseph Smith wrote what you read.''

==Capitalization==
Words in headings should not be capitalized, except for:
*The first word in the heading.
*Proper names (e.g., Book of Mormon, Joseph Smith, etc.) and titles (e.g., President Hinckley).

==Spelling==
Please spell check your edits before saving them. There are free programs you can use to check your spelling right in your web browser:
*[http://www.iespell.com/ IESpell] for Internet Explorer
*[http://spellbound.sourceforge.net/ SpellBound] for Mozilla Firefox

Use American spelling (''color'') rather than British (''colour''). The spelling "archaeology" is used, however.

==M-dashes and n-dashes==

===M-dashes===
Instead of using two hyphens to break apart thoughts within a sentence, use an m-dash:
:'''Wrong:''' What's important about a testimony--and the key to obtaining one--is that it comes from the Holy Spirit.
:'''Right:''' What's important about a testimony—and the key to obtaining one—is that it comes from the Holy Spirit.
You can create an m-dash by typing the following code:

<pre>&mdash;</pre>

===N-dashes===
When citing page or date ranges, instead of using a hyphen, use an n-dash. An n-dash is slightly longer than a hyphen, and indicates a range.
:'''Wrong:''' John Taylor’s testimony is found in ''History of the Church'' 7:99-108.
:'''Right:''' John Taylor’s testimony is found in ''History of the Church'' 7:99–108.
You can create an n-dash by typing the following code:

<pre>&ndash;</pre>

==Links==
===General rule===
One of the major features of a wiki is the ability to create links within an article to other articles on related subjects. In general, you should strive to create ''appropriate'' links to wiki articles and web pages the reader may find useful.

However, do not create links to subjects that are not apologetic in nature. For example, a link to page on [[Neal A. Maxwell]] is probably not appropriate, because Elder Maxwell, in and of himself, is not an apologetic topic.

===Subject page===
The exception to the general rule is to create a subject page for a topic that will point to reader to specific articles that are apologetically-based.

For example, a page for [[Gordon B. Hinckley]] could be created that would simply refer the reader to articles where his life and actions are examined (such as [[Church reaction to Hofmann forgeries]] and [[Downplaying the King Follett Discourse]].

===Anti-Mormon sites===
FAIR's policy is that we will ''not'' link to anti-Mormon web pages. If you cite an anti-Mormon web page or book, you may provide the site name (e.g., "Institute for Religious Research" or "Mormonism Research Ministry"), but do not create a link or publish a URL.

===Templates of Links===
Some topics (e.g. polygamy) have mutliple subpages. The FAIR articles or FairWiki pages that should be listed under "further reading" are often the same for all these pages. It is very tedious to have to update each page with references.

Instead, where possible create a template of links, and then simply insert the template into each webpage by entering the code:

<nowiki> {{template_name_here}} </nowiki>

A master list of link templates is available [[FAIRwiki:Templates | here]]; please update this list if you create new templates.

==Citations==
===Importance===
Remember, the purpose of the wiki is to give ''quick answers'' to commonly-asked questions, then to direct the reader to further resources. It is ''critical'' that you provide references for additional reading.

Try to always include:
*A link to the FAIR Topical Guide entry for the subject (if it exists) and/or articles on the FAIR web site.
*''Reliable'' articles on other web sites.
*Books and periodicals.

===Format===
Published works should be referenced in this format (note the use of quotes and italics):
:'''Book''':
:*Bruce R. McConkie, ed., ''Doctrines of Salvation: Sermons and Writings of Joseph Fielding Smith'' (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1954), 1:25.
:'''Article in a periodical:'''
:*George Horton, "Understanding Textual Changes in the Book of Mormon," ''Ensign'' (December 1983): 25.
:'''Web site:'''
:*Jeff Lindsay, "Book of Mormon Evidences," ''jefflindsay.com'' (accessed 2 October 2005).{{link|url=http://www.jefflindsay.com/BMEvidences.shtml}}
See the example pages, referenced above, for examples of how to format different types of citations.

===Footnotes and Endnotes===
There is a system which will create superscript footnotes, with an 'endnote' link to the bottom of the page.

====Inserting the superscript link====
1) To insert the superscript in the text, type
<nowiki> {{ref|name}} </nowiki>
where "name" is a unique name for the footnote, resulting in:

''Example'':The first person to notice this was Hugh Nibley.{{ref|Nibley}}

====Creating endnote text====
2) Then, create the endnote text and link where you wish it to appear (usually under the "endnote" section), like this:

<nowiki> {{note|name}} </nowiki>

Where "name" is the same ''unique'' name you gave the "ref" footnote in the body article.

Note that you '''''must still put the note text in the proper sequential order''''', so that the automatic Wiki list numbering will number them in the same way as the superscripts.

Since this is the first reference, the edited text should look like:

<nowiki> ==Endnotes==
# {{note|name}} Hugh W. Nibley, ''Since Cumorah'' (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1966).
# {{note|name2}} <--- the second reference here
# {{note|name3}} <--- the third reference here

...and so on.

</nowiki>

Note the "#" code at the beginning of each line, to make a numbered list. Note that this is where you place the actual reference information.

The result gives us something like this:

'''Endnote Example''' 
#{{note|Nibley}} Hugh W. Nibley, ''Since Cumorah'' (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1966).

====Adding a reference between two existing references====
If you need to add a reference between two references (say between name2 and name3 above) this can be done. You don't have to renumber anything (since this is done for you), but you must put the new reference in the proper spot, like so:

<nowiki> ==Endnotes==
# {{note|name}}
# {{note|name2}}
# {{note|name4}} <--- Note the new reference inserted here!
# {{note|name3}}

</nowiki>

====Avoid empty HTML links in article body====
'''''Important''''': Note that if you put an 'empty' http:// external link like this:

<nowiki> [http://www.fairlds.org] </nowiki>

You will get a footnote-like link.[http://www.fairlds.org]

This link will "offset" any superscript links you've created with this method, since it is a numbered link. All subsequent endnotes will be "off by one." So:

*don't use 'empty' external links in the main body; use something like
<nowiki> [http://www.fairlds.org FAIR]</nowiki>

which gives a link like this: [http://www.fairlds.org FAIR].

*'empty' links in the 'further reading' section are OK if you must, since they come ''after'' all endnotes and so won't offset the counting, but are probably better avoided for stylistic reasons. Use labeled notes as above so people know what you're linking to!

====Further helps and information====
To provide help to future editors, if the text:
<nowiki> {{subst:Footnote boilerplate}} </nowiki>

is placed at the begining of an "endnote" section, the "subst" command will replace it with some commented text summarizing these instructions.

For more information about what's going on under the hood and some more complex examples, see:
[[FAIRwiki:Footnotes]]

To see an example, go to [[Church reaction to Hofmann forgeries]].

===Scripture references===

Scripture citations should include a link to the scriptural passage on LDS.org, using the scripture template:

<nowiki>{{scripture|1|Nephi|3|7}}</nowiki>

Gives: {{scripture|1|Nephi|3|7}}

Learn how to use it [[FAIRWiki:Scripture_template_how_to |here]].

Notes:
* please cite the full name of a book of scripture (e.g. Nephi, not Ne.)
* use dashes, not n-dashes for spans of verses, since the lds.org scripture parser can't recognize anything but plain dashes. (i.e. just use the dash key on your keyboard, to the right of the zero key; no need for anything fancy.)
* If you refer to several passages in the same book, you'll need to repeat the book name. For example, "Mormon 8:17; 9:12" now has to read "Mormon 8:17; Mormon 9:12."

The template use makes using and reading scripture references much more friendly, so we feel these are a small price to pay for that convienience. Using a template also lets us modify how we present scripture references in the future by modifying one page, insead of thousands of entires, so this gives us future compatibility.

'''''NOTE''''': There is another template called <nowiki>{{Bible}}</nowiki> or <nowiki>{{B}}</nowiki> that works in exactly the same way as <nowiki>{{Scripture}}</nowiki> and <nowiki>{{S}}</nowiki> in English. If we use the Bible links in English, then English pages will be more easily converted into other languages, who must generally use a non-LDS site for Bible references, since the lds.org site does not have any Bibles besides the KJV. Either will work, but translators will thank you if use the Bible ones, because then they won't have to convert them later.

===Reference templates===

A complete list of [[FAIRwiki:Templates|reference and editing templates]] is available.

These templates have been created for works commonly cited. Rather than typing the entire reference for (say) John Sorenson's ''Ancient American Setting," one simply uses the template:

<nowiki> {{Aas|start=3|end=5}}</nowiki>

This produces the reference from page 3–5 for this book: 

{{Aas|start=3|end=5}}

Note that most templates have a 'sister' template with the digit "1" after it. This is for single page references, like so:

<nowiki> {{Aas1|start=3}}</nowiki>

This gives:

{{Aas1|start=3|end=5}}

Template which end in a number:

<nowiki> {{Nibley1|start=3|end=5}}</nowiki>

Use an underscore and a one to indicate one page: _1. As so:

<nowiki> {{Nibley1_1|start=3}}</nowiki>

Producing: 

{{Nibley1_1|start=3}}

===Non-English pages - tips and hints===

If you are using an American-style keyboard running under Microsoft Windows, and you wish to contribute to non-English pages, consider downloading the free Allchars program [http://allchars.zwolnet.com/download/program.html here]. It allows you to type accented characters directly into the web-browser (or any other text area in Windows).

FAIRwiki:Style guide

2009-03-01T19:51:35Z

DanaRepouille: /* Examples of pages that meet the style */

{{EditorLinks}}This style guide gives direction on how FAIRwiki pages should be formatted and organized. Adhering to the approved style will help you create professional and appropriate wiki articles.

This article does ''not'' explain how to create pages or use Mediawiki markup language. For help with that, see [[Help:Editing]].

If you have any questions about or suggestions for the style guide, please contact [[User:GregSmith]].

==Examples of pages that meet the style==
*[[Book of Mormon textual changes]]
*[[Government during the Millennium]]

==Thou shalt...==
*'''Brevity:''' Keep articles as brief as possible. Use the ''Further reading'' section at the bottom of the article to refer readers to more detailed treatments.
*'''Doctrinally in bounds:''' Stay within boundary of acceptable LDS thought, even if your thoughts are not exactly "mainstream." For example, don't say "[[Adam-God]] is a true doctrine and the Church is wrong for not teaching it," when that is not acceptable per Spencer W. Kimball's 1975 general conference talk. You may ''believe'' it, but don't wiki it.
*'''Balance:''' If there are differences of opinion on a given subject (such as [[Foreknowledge of God|God progressing in knowledge]]), fairly state both sides of the argument.

==Thou shalt not...==
*'''Privacy:''' Thou shalt not, under ''any circumstances'', put a person's name, email address, or other personal information in a wiki article without his or her express permission. This rule includes answers from the FAIR list copied to the wiki.
*'''Sacred material:''' Thou shalt not quote language used in temple ceremonies, or describe them in such detail as would violate sacred covenants.
*'''Evil speaking:''' Thou shalt not attack the leaders of the Church (dead or living) or make personal, derogatory remarks about them. You ''may'' disagree with statements they have made, but be very careful in how you word your disagreement.

==Page layout==

In general, pages should be organized as follows:

==Criticism== (heading2)
A brief explanation of the criticism.

===Source(s) of the criticism=== (heading3)
Anti-Mormon books or web sites where the criticism originated

==Response== (heading2)
The response should be brief and summary in nature.

==Conclusion== (heading2)
A summary of the argument against the criticism.

==Endnotes== (heading2)
References to books or online sources cited or quoted in the article.

==Further reading== (heading2)

===FAIR wiki articles=== (heading3)
*Links to related articles in the wiki (bulleted)

===FAIR web site=== (heading3)
*Links to articles on the FAIR web site; Topical Guide entries go first (bulleted) as follows--
*FAIR Topical Guide: [link]

===External links=== (heading3)
*Links to external web pages (bulleted)

===Printed material=== (heading3)
*Printed resources whose text is not available online (bulleted)

A template of this page layout, ready for copy-and-paste, is available at [[FAIRwiki:New_page_template]].

To create a page based on an answer to a question submitted to the FAIR web site, use [[FAIRwiki:Answer_template]].

==Templates for special pages==
'''Draft articles''' are those with limited and/or incomplete content. This should be indicated to the reader by adding a special tag at the top of the page:

<pre><nowiki>{{draft}}</nowiki></pre>

'''Answers from the FAIR list''' are articles derived from questions sumitted to the FAIR web site. Indicate this by putting this tag at the top of the page:

<pre><nowiki>{{question}}</nowiki></pre>

==Voice and narrative==

===Active voice===
In general, you should strive to use [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_voice ''active voice''] rather than [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_passive_voice ''passive voice''] in your articles. For example:
*'''Active voice (correct):''' ''Critics charge that the Church teaches unbiblical doctrines.''
*'''Passive voice (incorrect):''' ''It is charged that the Church teaches unbiblical doctrines.''

===Third person narrative===
In general write in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-person_narrative third-person narrative] and not [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-person_narrative first-] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-person_narrative second-person]. For example:
*'''Third-person (correct):''' ''Joseph Smith found the plates.''
*'''First-person (incorrect):''' ''Joseph Smith wrote what I read.''
*'''Second-person (incorrect):''' ''Joseph Smith wrote what you read.''

==Capitalization==
Words in headings should not be capitalized, except for:
*The first word in the heading.
*Proper names (e.g., Book of Mormon, Joseph Smith, etc.) and titles (e.g., President Hinckley).

==Spelling==
Please spell check your edits before saving them. There are free programs you can use to check your spelling right in your web browser:
*[http://www.iespell.com/ IESpell] for Internet Explorer
*[http://spellbound.sourceforge.net/ SpellBound] for Mozilla Firefox

Use American spelling (''color'') rather than British (''colour''). The spelling "archaeology" is used, however.

==M-dashes and n-dashes==

===M-dashes===
Instead of using two hyphens to break apart thoughts within a sentence, use an m-dash:
:'''Wrong:''' What's important about a testimony--and the key to obtaining one--is that it comes from the Holy Spirit.
:'''Right:''' What's important about a testimony—and the key to obtaining one—is that it comes from the Holy Spirit.
You can create an m-dash by typing the following code:

<pre>&mdash;</pre>

===N-dashes===
When citing page or date ranges, instead of using a hyphen, use an n-dash. An n-dash is slightly longer than a hyphen, and indicates a range.
:'''Wrong:''' John Taylor’s testimony is found in ''History of the Church'' 7:99-108.
:'''Right:''' John Taylor’s testimony is found in ''History of the Church'' 7:99–108.
You can create an n-dash by typing the following code:

<pre>&ndash;</pre>

==Links==
===General rule===
One of the major features of a wiki is the ability to create links within an article to other articles on related subjects. In general, you should strive to create ''appropriate'' links to wiki articles and web pages the reader may find useful.

However, do not create links to subjects that are not apologetic in nature. For example, a link to page on [[Neal A. Maxwell]] is probably not appropriate, because Elder Maxwell, in and of himself, is not an apologetic topic.

===Subject page===
The exception to the general rule is to create a subject page for a topic that will point to reader to specific articles that are apologetically-based.

For example, a page for [[Gordon B. Hinckley]] could be created that would simply refer the reader to articles where his life and actions are examined (such as [[Church reaction to Hofmann forgeries]] and [[Downplaying the King Follett Discourse]].

===Anti-Mormon sites===
FAIR's policy is that we will ''not'' link to anti-Mormon web pages. If you cite an anti-Mormon web page or book, you may provide the site name (e.g., "Institute for Religious Research" or "Mormonism Research Ministry"), but do not create a link or publish a URL.

===Templates of Links===
Some topics (e.g. polygamy) have mutliple subpages. The FAIR articles or FairWiki pages that should be listed under "further reading" are often the same for all these pages. It is very tedious to have to update each page with references.

Instead, where possible create a template of links, and then simply insert the template into each webpage by entering the code:

<nowiki> {{template_name_here}} </nowiki>

A master list of link templates is available [[FAIRwiki:Templates | here]]; please update this list if you create new templates.

==Citations==
===Importance===
Remember, the purpose of the wiki is to give ''quick answers'' to commonly-asked questions, then to direct the reader to further resources. It is ''critical'' that you provide references for additional reading.

Try to always include:
*A link to the FAIR Topical Guide entry for the subject (if it exists) and/or articles on the FAIR web site.
*''Reliable'' articles on other web sites.
*Books and periodicals.

===Format===
Published works should be referenced in this format (note the use of quotes and italics):
:'''Book''':
:*Bruce R. McConkie, ed., ''Doctrines of Salvation: Sermons and Writings of Joseph Fielding Smith'' (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1954), 1:25.
:'''Article in a periodical:'''
:*George Horton, "Understanding Textual Changes in the Book of Mormon," ''Ensign'' (December 1983): 25.
:'''Web site:'''
:*Jeff Lindsay, "Book of Mormon Evidences," ''jefflindsay.com'' (accessed 2 October 2005).{{link|url=http://www.jefflindsay.com/BMEvidences.shtml}}
See the example pages, referenced above, for examples of how to format different types of citations.

===Footnotes and Endnotes===
There is a system which will create superscript footnotes, with an 'endnote' link to the bottom of the page.

====Inserting the superscript link====
1) To insert the superscript in the text, type
<nowiki> {{ref|name}} </nowiki>
where "name" is a unique name for the footnote, resulting in:

''Example'':The first person to notice this was Hugh Nibley.{{ref|Nibley}}

====Creating endnote text====
2) Then, create the endnote text and link where you wish it to appear (usually under the "endnote" section), like this:

<nowiki> {{note|name}} </nowiki>

Where "name" is the same ''unique'' name you gave the "ref" footnote in the body article.

Note that you '''''must still put the note text in the proper sequential order''''', so that the automatic Wiki list numbering will number them in the same way as the superscripts.

Since this is the first reference, the edited text should look like:

<nowiki> ==Endnotes==
# {{note|name}} Hugh W. Nibley, ''Since Cumorah'' (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1966).
# {{note|name2}} <--- the second reference here
# {{note|name3}} <--- the third reference here

...and so on.

</nowiki>

Note the "#" code at the beginning of each line, to make a numbered list. Note that this is where you place the actual reference information.

The result gives us something like this:

'''Endnote Example''' 
#{{note|Nibley}} Hugh W. Nibley, ''Since Cumorah'' (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1966).

====Adding a reference between two existing references====
If you need to add a reference between two references (say between name2 and name3 above) this can be done. You don't have to renumber anything (since this is done for you), but you must put the new reference in the proper spot, like so:

<nowiki> ==Endnotes==
# {{note|name}}
# {{note|name2}}
# {{note|name4}} <--- Note the new reference inserted here!
# {{note|name3}}

</nowiki>

====Avoid empty HTML links in article body====
'''''Important''''': Note that if you put an 'empty' http:// external link like this:

<nowiki> [http://www.fairlds.org] </nowiki>

You will get a footnote-like link.[http://www.fairlds.org]

This link will "offset" any superscript links you've created with this method, since it is a numbered link. All subsequent endnotes will be "off by one." So:

*don't use 'empty' external links in the main body; use something like
<nowiki> [http://www.fairlds.org FAIR]</nowiki>

which gives a link like this: [http://www.fairlds.org FAIR].

*'empty' links in the 'further reading' section are OK if you must, since they come ''after'' all endnotes and so won't offset the counting, but are probably better avoided for stylistic reasons. Use labeled notes as above so people know what you're linking to!

====Further helps and information====
To provide help to future editors, if the text:
<nowiki> {{subst:Footnote boilerplate}} </nowiki>

is placed at the begining of an "endnote" section, the "subst" command will replace it with some commented text summarizing these instructions.

For more information about what's going on under the hood and some more complex examples, see:
[[FAIRwiki:Footnotes]]

To see an example, go to [[Church reaction to Hofmann forgeries]].

===Scripture references===

Scripture citations should include a link to the scriptural passage on LDS.org, using the scripture template:

<nowiki>{{scripture|1|Nephi|3|7}}</nowiki>

Gives: {{scripture|1|Nephi|3|7}}

Learn how to use it [[FAIRWiki:Scripture_template_how_to |here]].

Notes:
* please cite the full name of a book of scripture (e.g. Nephi, not Ne.)
* use dashes, not n-dashes for spans of verses, since the lds.org scripture parser can't recognize anything but plain dashes. (i.e. just use the dash key on your keyboard, to the right of the zero key; no need for anything fancy.)
* If you refer to several passages in the same book, you'll need to repeat the book name. For example, "Mormon 8:17; 9:12" now has to read "Mormon 8:17; Mormon 9:12."

The template use makes using and reading scripture references much more friendly, so we feel these are a small price to pay for that convienience. Using a template also lets us modify how we present scripture references in the future by modifying one page, insead of thousands of entires, so this gives us future compatibility.

'''''NOTE''''': There is another template called <nowiki>{{Bible}}</nowiki> or <nowiki>{{B}}</nowiki> that works in exactly the same way as <nowiki>{{Scripture}}</nowiki> and <nowiki>{{S}}</nowiki> in English. If we use the Bible links in English, then English pages will be more easily converted into other languages, who must generally use a non-LDS site for Bible references, since the lds.org site does not have any Bibles besides the KJV. Either will work, but translators will thank you if use the Bible ones, because then they won't have to convert them later.

===Reference templates===

A complete list of [[FAIRwiki:Templates|reference and editing templates]] is available.

These templates have been created for works commonly cited. Rather than typing the entire reference for (say) John Sorenson's ''Ancient American Setting," one simply uses the template:

<nowiki> {{Aas|start=3|end=5}}</nowiki>

This produces the reference from page 3–5 for this book: 

{{Aas|start=3|end=5}}

Note that most templates have a 'sister' template with the digit "1" after it. This is for single page references, like so:

<nowiki> {{Aas1|start=3}}</nowiki>

This gives:

{{Aas1|start=3|end=5}}

Template which end in a number:

<nowiki> {{Nibley1|start=3|end=5}}</nowiki>

Use an underscore and a one to indicate one page: _1. As so:

<nowiki> {{Nibley1_1|start=3}}</nowiki>

Producing: 

{{Nibley1_1|start=3}}

===Non-English pages - tips and hints===

If you are using an American-style keyboard running under Microsoft Windows, and you wish to contribute to non-English pages, consider downloading the free Allchars program [http://allchars.zwolnet.com/download/program.html here]. It allows you to type accented characters directly into the web-browser (or any other text area in Windows).

FAIRwiki:Project home

2009-03-01T19:42:39Z

DanaRepouille: /* Signatures */

{{EditorLinks}}
==Introduction==

Welcome to the FAIRwiki project homepage. This page is the central reference and resource for FAIRwiki editors, a place where we can collaborate, identify and prioritize needs, and make assignments.

Please treat this page as an ongoing discussion by adding your questions and comments. Vote on issues by adding your name; use the '''signature''' button on the toolbar above the editing space — [[Image:sig_button.png|alt Signature/timestamp button]] — to add your name and a timestamp.

==Wiki management==

*Managing editor: [[User:GregSmith|Greg Smith]] (glsmith7.nospam@telus.net)
*Senior editor: [[User:KevinBarney|Kevin Barney]] (klbarney.nospam@yahoo.com)
*Senior editor: [[User:MikeAsh|Mike Ash]] (mash@xmission.nospam.com)
*Senior editor: [[User:MikeParker|Mike Parker]] (mike@mike-parker.nospam.org)
*FAIR board liason: [[User:JohnLynch|John Lynch]] (jlynchs@pacbell.nospam.net)

==Immediate needs==
The following categories contain articles that need attention. Any wiki editor is invited to make the needed changes.
*[http://en.fairmormon.org/Category:Misspelled_words_to_be_checked_against_sources Misspelled words to be checked against sources]
*[http://en.fairmormon.org/Category:Attention Attention]
*[http://en.fairmormon.org/Category:Needs_work Needs work]

==Source material for wiki editors==

*[[Walter Martin's plagiarism criticisms]]

==Wiki editors' commitment==

===What editors may do===

As a wiki editor, you can modify, delete from, or add to any article in the wiki. If you're logged in, you'll see a series of tabs at the top of each article; click the "edit" tab and you'll see the text and formatting codes behind the article. You can also click the "edit" link next to each section to edit just the text of that section.

The idea behind the wiki is that the editors will be visiting on a regular basis to add new material and improve existing material:

* If you see a typo, fix it.
* If you see something that could be worded more clearly, change it.
* If you think an existing article would be better if it had some additional information, add it.
* If you think an article would make more sense if paragraphs were rearranged, move them.
* If there's no article for a topic that you have information about, create it.

No one needs to approve your changes; just make them. If there's a problem with something you did, someone will be along to fix it.

You can track the articles that have been recently created or modified by using the [[Special:Recentchanges|Recent changes]] link at the left side of each page. That page also has an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS_Feed RSS feed] you can set up to monitor wiki activity.

===Your commitment as an editor===

The wiki will only succeed as a resource if it has a group of committed editors who are actively improving it. To this end, the commitment FAIR asks of all editors is:

* Visit the wiki at least two times each week.
* On each visit spend a personally determined amount of time (at least 15 minutes) browsing the [[FAIRwiki:Table_of_contents|Table of Contents]] and [[Special:Recentchanges|Recent Changes]] pages, looking for improvements and additions you can make.
* Do at least one thing to improve the wiki at each visit, no matter how small.

If each of our editors will make and keep this commitment, the wiki will quickly become a great resource for FAIR and members of the Church. Active collaboration is the key to that success.

===Affirm and acknowledge your commitment===

Please electronically sign your name in the section below. Click the "edit" link to the right, add an asterisk beneath the existing signatures, and use the '''signature''' button on the toolbar above the editing space — [[Image:sig_button.png|alt Signature/timestamp button]] — to add your name and a timestamp.

====Signatures====
*--[[User:MikeParker|MikeParker]] 12:06, 23 Jun 2006 (MDT)
*--[[User:SuzanneArmitage|SuzanneArmitage]] 12:15, 23 Jun 2006 (MDT)
*--[[User:BrianPalmer|BrianPalmer]] 13:01, 23 Jun 2006 (MDT)
*--[[User:DavidFerguson|DavidFerguson]] 15:07, 23 Jun 2006 (MDT)
*--[[User:MikeClark|Mike Clark]] 23:06, 23 Jun 2006 (MDT)
*--[[User:Fisherad|Fisherad]] 23:47, 23 Jun 2006 (MDT)
*--[[User:McKayJones|McKayJones]] 23:20, 24 Jun 2006 (MDT)
*--[[User:GregSmith|Greg Smith]] 07:37, 27 Jun 2006 (MDT)
*--[[User:HerbHaley|Shadrach]] 18:13, 27 Jun 2006 (MDT)
*--[[User:RobertCouch|RobertCouch]] 19:41, 29 Jun 2006 (MDT)
*--[[User:TanyaSpackman|TanyaSpackman]] 08:52, 3 Jul 2006 (MDT)
*--[[User:BenSpackman|BenSpackman]] 20:28, 10 Jul 2006 (MDT)Ben Spackman
*--[[User:SteveWilloughby|SteveWilloughby]] 17:03, 20 Aug 2006 (PDT)
*--[[User:ClarkGoble|ClarkGoble]] 14:28, 24 Aug 2006 (MDT)Clark Goble
*--[[User:RobertLevin|robotcorp]] 14:27, 25 Aug 2006 (MDT)
*-----[[User:BrianRogers|BrianRogers]] 15:25, 21 March 2007 (MDT)
*----[[User:CarsonCalderwood|CarsonCalderwood]] 10:45, 16 August 2007 (MDT)
*--[[User:BlairHodges|LifeOnaPlate]] 09:27, 20 August 2007 (MDT)
*--[[User:AndrewMiller|AndrewMiller]] 13:01, 19 November 2007 (MST)
*--[[User:RogerNicholson|RogerNicholson]] 14:11, 12 April 2008 (UTC)
*--[[User:BenjaminPorter|BenjaminPorter]] 18:08, 31 December 2008 (UTC)
*--[[User:DanaRepouille|Dana]] 19:42, 1 March 2009 (UTC)

FAIRwiki:Style guide

2009-01-12T03:16:01Z

DanaRepouille: /* Spelling */

{{EditorLinks}}This style guide gives direction on how FAIRwiki pages should be formatted and organized. Adhering to the approved style will help you create professional and appropriate wiki articles.

This article does ''not'' explain how to create pages or use Mediawiki markup language. For help with that, see [[Help:Editing]].

If you have any questions about or suggestions for the style guide, please contact [[User:GregSmith]].

==Examples of pages that meet the style==
*[[Book of Mormon textual changes]]
*[[Government during the Millenium]]

==Thou shalt...==
*'''Brevity:''' Keep articles as brief as possible. Use the ''Further reading'' section at the bottom of the article to refer readers to more detailed treatments.
*'''Doctrinally in bounds:''' Stay within boundary of acceptable LDS thought, even if your thoughts are not exactly "mainstream." For example, don't say "[[Adam-God]] is a true doctrine and the Church is wrong for not teaching it," when that is not acceptable per Spencer W. Kimball's 1975 general conference talk. You may ''believe'' it, but don't wiki it.
*'''Balance:''' If there are differences of opinion on a given subject (such as [[Foreknowledge of God|God progressing in knowledge]]), fairly state both sides of the argument.

==Thou shalt not...==
*'''Privacy:''' Thou shalt not, under ''any circumstances'', put a person's name, email address, or other personal information in a wiki article without his or her express permission. This rule includes answers from the FAIR list copied to the wiki.
*'''Sacred material:''' Thou shalt not quote language used in temple ceremonies, or describe them in such detail as would violate sacred covenants.
*'''Evil speaking:''' Thou shalt not attack the leaders of the Church (dead or living) or make personal, derogatory remarks about them. You ''may'' disagree with statements they have made, but be very careful in how you word your disagreement.

==Page layout==

In general, pages should be organized as follows:

==Criticism== (heading2)
A brief explanation of the criticism.

===Source(s) of the criticism=== (heading3)
Anti-Mormon books or web sites where the criticism originated

==Response== (heading2)
The response should be brief and summary in nature.

==Conclusion== (heading2)
A summary of the argument against the criticism.

==Endnotes== (heading2)
References to books or online sources cited or quoted in the article.

==Further reading== (heading2)

===FAIR wiki articles=== (heading3)
*Links to related articles in the wiki (bulleted)

===FAIR web site=== (heading3)
*Links to articles on the FAIR web site; Topical Guide entries go first (bulleted) as follows--
*FAIR Topical Guide: [link]

===External links=== (heading3)
*Links to external web pages (bulleted)

===Printed material=== (heading3)
*Printed resources whose text is not available online (bulleted)

A template of this page layout, ready for copy-and-paste, is available at [[FAIRwiki:New_page_template]].

To create a page based on an answer to a question submitted to the FAIR web site, use [[FAIRwiki:Answer_template]].

==Templates for special pages==
'''Draft articles''' are those with limited and/or incomplete content. This should be indicated to the reader by adding a special tag at the top of the page:

<pre><nowiki>{{draft}}</nowiki></pre>

'''Answers from the FAIR list''' are articles derived from questions sumitted to the FAIR web site. Indicate this by putting this tag at the top of the page:

<pre><nowiki>{{question}}</nowiki></pre>

==Voice and narrative==

===Active voice===
In general, you should strive to use [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_voice ''active voice''] rather than [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_passive_voice ''passive voice''] in your articles. For example:
*'''Active voice (correct):''' ''Critics charge that the Church teaches unbiblical doctrines.''
*'''Passive voice (incorrect):''' ''It is charged that the Church teaches unbiblical doctrines.''

===Third person narrative===
In general write in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-person_narrative third-person narrative] and not [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-person_narrative first-] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-person_narrative second-person]. For example:
*'''Third-person (correct):''' ''Joseph Smith found the plates.''
*'''First-person (incorrect):''' ''Joseph Smith wrote what I read.''
*'''Second-person (incorrect):''' ''Joseph Smith wrote what you read.''

==Capitalization==
Words in headings should not be capitalized, except for:
*The first word in the heading.
*Proper names (e.g., Book of Mormon, Joseph Smith, etc.) and titles (e.g., President Hinckley).

==Spelling==
Please spell check your edits before saving them. There are free programs you can use to check your spelling right in your web browser:
*[http://www.iespell.com/ IESpell] for Internet Explorer
*[http://spellbound.sourceforge.net/ SpellBound] for Mozilla Firefox

Use American spelling (''color'') rather than British (''colour''). The spelling "archaeology" is used, however.

==M-dashes and n-dashes==

===M-dashes===
Instead of using two hyphens to break apart thoughts within a sentence, use an m-dash:
:'''Wrong:''' What's important about a testimony--and the key to obtaining one--is that it comes from the Holy Spirit.
:'''Right:''' What's important about a testimony—and the key to obtaining one—is that it comes from the Holy Spirit.
You can create an m-dash by typing the following code:

<pre>&mdash;</pre>

===N-dashes===
When citing page or date ranges, instead of using a hyphen, use an n-dash. An n-dash is slightly longer than a hyphen, and indicates a range.
:'''Wrong:''' John Taylor’s testimony is found in ''History of the Church'' 7:99-108.
:'''Right:''' John Taylor’s testimony is found in ''History of the Church'' 7:99–108.
You can create an n-dash by typing the following code:

<pre>&ndash;</pre>

==Links==
===General rule===
One of the major features of a wiki is the ability to create links within an article to other articles on related subjects. In general, you should strive to create ''appropriate'' links to wiki articles and web pages the reader may find useful.

However, do not create links to subjects that are not apologetic in nature. For example, a link to page on [[Neal A. Maxwell]] is probably not appropriate, because Elder Maxwell, in and of himself, is not an apologetic topic.

===Subject page===
The exception to the general rule is to create a subject page for a topic that will point to reader to specific articles that are apologetically-based.

For example, a page for [[Gordon B. Hinckley]] could be created that would simply refer the reader to articles where his life and actions are examined (such as [[Church reaction to Hofmann forgeries]] and [[Downplaying the King Follett Discourse]].

===Anti-Mormon sites===
FAIR's policy is that we will ''not'' link to anti-Mormon web pages. If you cite an anti-Mormon web page or book, you may provide the site name (e.g., "Institute for Religious Research" or "Mormonism Research Ministry"), but do not create a link or publish a URL.

===Templates of Links===
Some topics (e.g. polygamy) have mutliple subpages. The FAIR articles or FairWiki pages that should be listed under "further reading" are often the same for all these pages. It is very tedious to have to update each page with references.

Instead, where possible create a template of links, and then simply insert the template into each webpage by entering the code:

<nowiki> {{template_name_here}} </nowiki>

A master list of link templates is available [[FAIRwiki:Templates | here]]; please update this list if you create new templates.

==Citations==
===Importance===
Remember, the purpose of the wiki is to give ''quick answers'' to commonly-asked questions, then to direct the reader to further resources. It is ''critical'' that you provide references for additional reading.

Try to always include:
*A link to the FAIR Topical Guide entry for the subject (if it exists) and/or articles on the FAIR web site.
*''Reliable'' articles on other web sites.
*Books and periodicals.

===Format===
Published works should be referenced in this format (note the use of quotes and italics):
:'''Book''':
:*Bruce R. McConkie, ed., ''Doctrines of Salvation: Sermons and Writings of Joseph Fielding Smith'' (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1954), 1:25.
:'''Article in a periodical:'''
:*George Horton, "Understanding Textual Changes in the Book of Mormon," ''Ensign'' (December 1983): 25.
:'''Web site:'''
:*Jeff Lindsay, "Book of Mormon Evidences," ''jefflindsay.com'' (accessed 2 October 2005).{{link|url=http://www.jefflindsay.com/BMEvidences.shtml}}
See the example pages, referenced above, for examples of how to format different types of citations.

===Footnotes and Endnotes===
There is a system which will create superscript footnotes, with an 'endnote' link to the bottom of the page.

====Inserting the superscript link====
1) To insert the superscript in the text, type
<nowiki> {{ref|name}} </nowiki>
where "name" is a unique name for the footnote, resulting in:

''Example'':The first person to notice this was Hugh Nibley.{{ref|Nibley}}

====Creating endnote text====
2) Then, create the endnote text and link where you wish it to appear (usually under the "endnote" section), like this:

<nowiki> {{note|name}} </nowiki>

Where "name" is the same ''unique'' name you gave the "ref" footnote in the body article.

Note that you '''''must still put the note text in the proper sequential order''''', so that the automatic Wiki list numbering will number them in the same way as the superscripts.

Since this is the first reference, the edited text should look like:

<nowiki> ==Endnotes==
# {{note|name}} Hugh W. Nibley, ''Since Cumorah,'' (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1966).
# {{note|name2}} <--- the second reference here
# {{note|name3}} <--- the third reference here

...and so on.

</nowiki>

Note the "#" code at the beginning of each line, to make a numbered list. Note that this is where you place the actual reference information.

The result gives us something like this:

'''Endnote Example''' 
#{{note|Nibley}} Hugh W. Nibley, ''Since Cumorah,'' (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1966).

====Adding a reference between two existing references====
If you need to add a reference between two references (say between name2 and name3 above) this can be done. You don't have to renumber anything (since this is done for you), but you must put the new reference in the proper spot, like so:

<nowiki> ==Endnotes==
# {{note|name}}
# {{note|name2}}
# {{note|name4}} <--- Note the new reference inserted here!
# {{note|name3}}

</nowiki>

====Avoid empty HTML links in article body====
'''''Important''''': Note that if you put an 'empty' http:// external link like this:

<nowiki> [http://www.fairlds.org] </nowiki>

You will get a footnote-like link.[http://www.fairlds.org]

This link will "offset" any superscript links you've created with this method, since it is a numbered link. All subsequent endnotes will be "off by one." So:

*don't use 'empty' external links in the main body; use something like
<nowiki> [http://www.fairlds.org FAIR]</nowiki>

which gives a link like this: [http://www.fairlds.org FAIR].

*'empty' links in the 'further reading' section are OK if you must, since they come ''after'' all endnotes and so won't offset the counting, but are probably better avoided for stylistic reasons. Use labeled notes as above so people know what you're linking to!

====Further helps and information====
To provide help to future editors, if the text:
<nowiki> {{subst:Footnote boilerplate}} </nowiki>

is placed at the begining of an "endnote" section, the "subst" command will replace it with some commented text summarizing these instructions.

For more information about what's going on under the hood and some more complex examples, see:
[[FAIRwiki:Footnotes]]

To see an example, go to [[Church reaction to Hofmann forgeries]].

===Scripture references===

Scripture citations should include a link to the scriptural passage on LDS.org, using the scripture template:

<nowiki>{{scripture|1|Nephi|3|7}}</nowiki>

Gives: {{scripture|1|Nephi|3|7}}

Learn how to use it [[FAIRWiki:Scripture_template_how_to |here]].

Notes:
* please cite the full name of a book of scripture (e.g. Nephi, not Ne.)
* use dashes, not n-dashes for spans of verses, since the lds.org scripture parser can't recognize anything but plain dashes. (i.e. just use the dash key on your keyboard, to the right of the zero key; no need for anything fancy.)
* If you refer to several passages in the same book, you'll need to repeat the book name. For example, "Mormon 8:17; 9:12" now has to read "Mormon 8:17; Mormon 9:12."

The template use makes using and reading scripture references much more friendly, so we feel these are a small price to pay for that convienience. Using a template also lets us modify how we present scripture references in the future by modifying one page, insead of thousands of entires, so this gives us future compatibility.

'''''NOTE''''': There is another template called <nowiki>{{Bible}}</nowiki> or <nowiki>{{B}}</nowiki> that works in exactly the same way as <nowiki>{{Scripture}}</nowiki> and <nowiki>{{S}}</nowiki> in English. If we use the Bible links in English, then English pages will be more easily converted into other languages, who must generally use a non-LDS site for Bible references, since the lds.org site does not have any Bibles besides the KJV. Either will work, but translators will thank you if use the Bible ones, because then they won't have to convert them later.

===Reference templates===

A complete list of [[FAIRwiki:Templates|reference and editing templates]] is available.

These templates have been created for works commonly cited. Rather than typing the entire reference for (say) John Sorenson's ''Ancient American Setting," one simply uses the template:

<nowiki> {{Aas|start=3|end=5}}</nowiki>

This produces the reference from page 3–5 for this book: 

{{Aas|start=3|end=5}}

Note that most templates have a 'sister' template with the digit "1" after it. This is for single page references, like so:

<nowiki> {{Aas1|start=3}}</nowiki>

This gives:

{{Aas1|start=3|end=5}}

Template which end in a number:

<nowiki> {{Nibley1|start=3|end=5}}</nowiki>

Use an underscore and a one to indicate one page: _1. As so:

<nowiki> {{Nibley1_1|start=3}}</nowiki>

Producing: 

{{Nibley1_1|start=3}}

===Non-English pages - tips and hints===

If you are using an American-style keyboard running under Microsoft Windows, and you wish to contribute to non-English pages, consider downloading the free Allchars program [http://allchars.zwolnet.com/download/program.html here]. It allows you to type accented characters directly into the web-browser (or any other text area in Windows).

Predefinição:FR-16-1-9

2009-01-07T22:41:27Z

DanaRepouille:

{{FR-16-1|author=Robert D. Crockett |article=The Denton Debacle (Review of: ''American Massacre: The Tragedy at Mountain Meadows, September 1857'') |start=135|end=148|url=http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=review&id=529 |pdf=http://farms.byu.edu/getpdf.php?filename=MTIwOTQwMTg5OS0xNi0xLnBkZg==&type=cmV2aWV3 }}

Predefinição:FR-16-1-8

2009-01-07T22:40:52Z

DanaRepouille:

{{FR-16-1|author=Robert H. Briggs |article=Sally Denton’s American Massacre: Authentic Mormon Past versus the Danite Interpretation of History (Review of: ''American Massacre: The Tragedy at Mountain Meadows, September 1857'') |start=111|end=134|url=http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=review&id=528 |pdf=http://farms.byu.edu/getpdf.php?filename=NzMzNDkwNTU4LTE2LTEucGRm&type=cmV2aWV3 }}

Predefinição:Presalamander

2008-12-26T16:29:23Z

DanaRepouille:

'''''Caution''''': this article was published before [[Mark Hofmann]]'s forgeries were discovered. It may treat fraudulent documents as genuine. [[Mark Hofmann/Known forged documents|Click]] for list of known forged documents.

Predefinição:FirstVisionPortal

2008-12-26T00:19:56Z

DanaRepouille:

{| style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;" align="right" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%" | FAIRwiki portal
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 5px 0 5px" | [[Template:FirstVisionPortal|First Vision & Related Issues]]
|-
| style="text-align: center; padding: 7px 0 7px 0;" | [[Image:First_vision_b%26w1.jpg]]
|-
! style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;" | FAIRwiki articles
|-
| nowrap style="font-size: 85%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #edf3fe; text-align:left;" |
General criticisms:
*[[First_Vision_accounts|Summary page]]
**[[Early Smith family history|Early Smith history]]
**[[Religious_revivals_in_1820|1820 Revival]]
**[[Joseph Smith joined other churches|Joined other churches?]]
**[[Joseph_Smith_did_not_know_if_God_existed_in_1823|Unsure of God in 1823?]]
**[[Joseph_Smith's_early_conception_of_God|Early understanding of God]]
**[[Contradiction_about_knowing_all_churches_were_wrong|All wrong?]]
**[[First_Vision_story_became_more_detailed_and_colorful_after_1832%3F|Details added over time?]]
**[[The "Angels" of the 1835 account|Personages were angels?]]
**[[No_reference_to_First_Vision_in_1830s_publications%3F|No ref in 1830s?]]
**[[First_Vision_fabricated_to_give_%22Godly_authority%22|Fabricated to bolster authority?]]
**[[1838_account_modified_to_offset_leadership_crisis%3F|Changed by 1838 apostasy?]]
**[[D%26C_84_says_God_not_seen_without_priesthood%3F|Without priesthood can't see God?]]
----
1832 Account:
*[[1832_account_doesn't_mention_new_dispensation|No new dispensation?]]
*[[Different_age_provided_in_the_1832_text|Different age?]]
*[[Motivation_in_1832_account_is_different|Different motivation?]]
*[[1832_account_doesn't_mention_persecution|No persecution?]]
*[[1832_account_doesn't_mention_a_revival|No revival?]]
*[[1832_account_doesn't_forbid_joining_a_church|Not forbidden to convert?]]
*[[1832_says_wicked_will_be_destroyed_but_1838_doesn't|Wicked destroyed?]]
*[[Only_one_Deity_appears_in_the_1832_account|Only one Deity?]]
*[[1832_vision_set_in_heaven_or_on_earth%3F|In heaven or earth?]]
*[[Eternal_life_regardless_of_church_affiliation_in_1832_text%3F|Unconditional salvation?]]
*[[Struggle_with_Satan_not_in_the_1832_account|Struggle with Satan?]]
----
Others' accounts:
*[[George_Q._Cannon_referred_to_%22angels%22|George Q. Cannon]]
*[[Oliver_Cowdery_not_aware_of_First_Vision_in_1834-35|Cowdery version of 1834-5?]]
*[[Orson_Hyde_referred_to_%22angels%22|Orson Hyde]]
*[[Andrew_Jenson_called_personage_an_%22angel%22|Andrew Jenson]]
*[[Heber_C._Kimball_denied_the_Father_appeared|Heber C. Kimball|]]
*[[Orson_Pratt_confused_about_%22angel%22_or_Father-Son|Orson Pratt]]
*[[George_A._Smith_said_First_Vision_was_an_%22angel%22|George A. Smith]]
*[[Prophet%27s_mother_said_First_Vision_was_of_an_%22angel%22|Lucy Mack Smith]]
*[[Orson_Spencer_said_an_%22angel%22_was_the_first_manifestation%3F|Orson Spencer]]
*[[John_Taylor's_understanding_of_the_First_Vision|John Taylor]]
*[[Brigham_Young_never_mentioned_First_Vision|Brigham never spoke of 1st vision?]]
*[[Brigham_Young_said_the_Lord_didn't_appear|Brigham claimed an angel?]]
*[[Seldom_mentioned_in_LDS_publications_before_1877|Seldom published pre-1877 (short)]]
*[[Seldom_mentioned_in_LDS_publications_before_1877_(long)|(long)]]
*[[Lack_of_contemporary_Father_and_Son_vision_until_1838%3F|LDS Father/Son pre-1838?]]
*[[No_mention_in_non-LDS_literature_before_1843%3F|Non-LDS pre-1843?]]
----
Other criticisms:
*[[Controversy_Concerning_D%26C_121:28|D&C 121:28]]
*[[The_Father:_A_Spirit_vs._Embodied|Father: Spirit vs. Embodied]]
*[[Nephi_or_Moroni|Nephi or Moroni in 1823?]]
*[[Personages_who_appeared_to_Joseph_Smith|Personages seen by Joseph]]
|-
! style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;" | FAIR Wiki Topical Guide
|-
| nowrap style="font-size: 85%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #edf3fe; text-align:left;" |
*[[Topical Guide/Church history/First Vision|First Vision]]
|-
! style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;" | FAIR web site
|-
| nowrap style="font-size: 85%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #edf3fe; text-align:left;" |
*[http://www.fairlds.org/apol/ai063.html Topical guide]
*[[Template:JosephSmithFAIR|Articles]]
|-
! style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;" | FARMS web site
|-
| nowrap style="font-size: 85%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #edf3fe; text-align:left;" |
*[Pending]
|-
! style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;" | Additional reading
|-
| nowrap style="font-size: 85%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #edf3fe; text-align:left;" |
*[[Template:JosephSmithLinks|Online]]
*[[Template:JosephSmithPrint|In print]]
|-
! style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;" | Other portals
|-
| nowrap style="font-size: 85%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #edf3fe; text-align:left;" |
*[[Template:JosephSmithPortal|Joseph Smith, Jr.]]
|}

Predefinição:LDSBioEncy1

2008-12-26T00:15:30Z

DanaRepouille:

Andrew Jenson, ''Latter-Day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia: A Compilation of Biographical Sketches of Prominent Men and Women in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints'', 4 vols., (Salt Lake City, A. Jenson History Co., 1901; reprinted Salt Lake City, Utah : Greg Kofford Books, 2003), {{{vol}}}:{{{start}}}. ISBN 1589580222. ISBN 1589580311. ISBN 978-1589580312

Predefinição:Book:Jenson:LDS Biographical Encyclopedia

2008-12-26T00:14:53Z

DanaRepouille:

Andrew Jenson, ''Latter-Day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia: A Compilation of Biographical Sketches of Prominent Men and Women in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints'', 4 vols., (Salt Lake City, A. Jenson History Co., 1901; reprinted Salt Lake City, Utah : Greg Kofford Books, 2003), {{{vol}}}:{{{start}}}–{{{end}}}. ISBN 1589580222. ISBN 1589580311. ISBN 978-1589580312

Predefinição:PWJSOrig1

2008-12-21T19:15:56Z

DanaRepouille:

== Headline text ==
Dean C. Jessee, ''The Personal Writings of Joseph Smith'', revised edition, (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book, 2002), {{{start}}}. ISBN 0877479747. {{link|url=http://deseretbook.com/personalwritings/ to rev. ed.}}

Predefinição:JSOtherVisionLinks

2008-12-21T19:15:17Z

DanaRepouille:

{{editme|url=Template:JSOtherVisionLinks|before=|after='''''Joseph Smith other visionary issues on-line links'''''}}
*{{BYUS|author=Dean C. Jessee|article=Early Accounts of Joseph Smith (1831–1839)|date=1969|vol=9|num=3|start=275|end=294}}{{pdflink|url=http://byustudies.byu.edu/Products/MoreInfoPage/MoreInfo.aspx?prodid=662&type=7}}
*{{BYUS|author=David L. Paulsen|article=The Doctrine of Divine Embodiment: Restoration, Judeo-Christian, and Philosophical Perspectives|vol=35|num=4|date=1995–96|start=6|end=94}}{{pdflink|url=http://byustudies.byu.edu/Products/MoreInfoPage/MoreInfo.aspx?Type=7&ProdID=665}}{{NB}}

Predefinição:Book:Jessee:Personal Writings of Joseph Smith 1st

2008-12-21T19:13:27Z

DanaRepouille:

Dean C. Jessee, ''The Personal Writings of Joseph Smith'', revised edition, (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book, 2002), {{{start}}}–{{{end}}}. ISBN 0877479747. {{link|url=http://deseretbook.com/personalwritings/ Rev. ed.}}

Predefinição:PWJS1

2008-12-21T19:12:35Z

DanaRepouille:

Dean C. Jessee, ''The Personal Writings of Joseph Smith'', revised edition, (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book, 2002), {{{start}}}. ISBN 1573457876. {{link|url=http://deseretbook.com/personalwritings/}}

Predefinição:Book:Jesse:Personal Writings of Joseph Smith 2nd

2008-12-21T19:11:03Z

DanaRepouille:

Dean C. Jessee, ''The Personal Writings of Joseph Smith'', revised edition, (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book, 2002), {{{start}}}–{{{end}}}. ISBN 1573457876. {{link|url=http://deseretbook.com/personalwritings/}}

O Livro de Mórmon/Tradução/Pedra vidente

2008-12-21T18:56:53Z

DanaRepouille: /* Endnotes */

{{JosephSmithPortal}}
{{question}}
==Questions==
* What can you tell me about Joseph's seer stone? What is its relation to the "Urim and Thummim"?
* Did Joseph place his seer stone in his hat while he was translating the Book of Mormon?

===Source(s) of the Criticism===
*{{CriticalWork:Abanes:Becoming Gods|pages=45, 351 n. 144; 56 357 n. 40}}
*{{CriticalWork:Abanes:One Nation|pages=41, 500 n.2-4}}
*{{CriticalWork:Brodie:No Man Knows|pages=Chapter 2}}
*{{CriticalWork:McKeeverJohnson:Mormonism 101|pages=Chapter 8}}
*{{CriticalWork:Ostling:Mormon America|pages=26}}
*{{CriticalWork:Palmer:Insider|pages=2}}
*{{CriticalWork:Tanner:Changing World|pages=22}}

==Response==

===How many seer stones were there?===

Joseph first used a neighbor's seer stone (probably Sally Chase, on the balance of historical evidence, though there are other possibilities) to discover the location of a brown, baby's foot-shaped stone. The vision of this stone likely occurred in about 1819–1820, and he obtained his first seer stone in about 1821–1822.{{ref|mcgee1}}

Joseph then used this first stone to find a second stone (a white one). The colour and sequence of obtaining these stones has often been confused,{{ref|confused1}} and readers interested in an in-depth treatment are referred to the endnotes.{{ref|mcgee2}}

Joseph would later discover at least two more seers stones in Nauvoo, on the banks of the Mississippi. These stones seem to have been collected more for their appearance, and there is little evidence of Joseph using them at that late date in his prophetic career.{{ref|mcgee3}}

===How did Joseph obtain his second seer stone?===

The seer stone was reportedly found on the property of William Chase in 1822 as Chase described it:

:In the year 1822, I was engaged in digging a well. I employed Alvin and Joseph Smith to assist me.... After digging about twenty feet below the surface of the earth, we discovered a singularly appearing stone, which excited my curiosity. I brought it to the top of the well, and as we were examining it, Joseph put it into his hat, and then his face into the top of his hat.... The next morning he came to me, and wished to obtain the stone, alleging that he could see in it; but I told him I did not wish to part with it on account of its being a curiosity, but I would lend it.{{ref|chase1}}

Martin Harris and Wilford Woodruff were to later confirm this account after Joseph's death.{{ref|chaseconfirm}}

===What did the stones look like?===
One witness reported (of the first, brown stone), from 1826:

:It was about the size of a small hen's egg, in the shape of a high-instepped shoe. It was composed of layers of different colors passing diagonally through it. It was very hard and smooth, perhaps by being carried in the pocket.{{ref|stonesize}}

The second stone:

: [the] Seer Stone was the shape of an egg though not quite so large, of a gray cast something like granite but with white stripes running around it. It was transparent but had no holes, neither on the end or in the sides.{{ref|secondstoneappear}}

===For what purpose(s) did Joseph use the stones prior to the restoration?===

As noted above, Joseph used the first stone to find the second.

Martin Harris recounted that Joseph could find lost objects with the second, white stone:

:: I was at the house of his father in Manchester, two miles south of Palmyra village, and was picking my teeth with a pin while sitting on the bars. The pin caught in my teeth and dropped from my fingers into shavings and straw. I jumped from the bars and looked for it. Joseph and Northrop Sweet also did the same. We could not find it. I then took Joseph on surprise, and said to him--I said, "Take your stone." I had never seen it, and did not know that he had it with him. He had it in his pocket. He took it and placed it in his hat--the old white hat--and placed his face in his hat. I watched him closely to see that he did not look to one side; he reached out his hand beyond me on the right, and moved a little stick and there I saw the pin, which he picked up and gave to me. I know he did not look out of the hat until after he had picked up the pin.{{ref|pin}}

Joseph's mother also indicated that Joseph was sought out by some, including Josiah Stoal, to use the stone to find hidden valuables. He

:came for Joseph on account of having heard that he possessed certain keys by which he could discern things invisible to the natural eye.{{ref|lucymack1}}

Joseph referred to this incident in {{scripture||JS-H|1|55-56}}.

Stoal eventually joined the Church; some of his family, however, charged Joseph in court for events related to this treasure seeking. Stoal testified in Joseph's defense. (See ''FAIRwiki'' article on the trial [[Joseph_Smith's_1826_glasslooking_trial|here]].)

Joseph Knight also said that, at the command of the angel Moroni, Joseph looked into his seer stone to learn who he should marry. He "looked in his glass and found it was Emma Hale."{{ref|marryemma1}}

===How were the stone(s) involved in the translation of the Book of Mormon?===

There is considerable evidence that the location of the plates and Nephite interpreters (Urim and Thummim) were revealed to Joseph via his second, white seer stone. In 1859, Martin Harris recalled that "Joseph had a stone which was dug from the well of Mason Chase...It was by means of this stone he first discovered the plates."{{ref|stoneplates1}}

Some critics have sought to create a contradiction here, since Joseph's history reported that Moroni revealed the plates to him ({{s||JS-H|1|34-35,42}}). This is an example of a false dichotomy: Moroni could easily have told Joseph about the plates and interpreters. The vision to Joseph may well have then come through the seer stone, as some of the sections of the Doctrine and Covenants (e.g., Section X) would later be revealed. One account matches this theory well:

:I had a conversation with [Joseph], and asked him where he found them [the plates] and how he come to know where they were. he said he had a revelation from God that told him they were hid in a certain hill and he looked in his [seer] stone and saw them in the place of deposit."{{ref|henryharris1}}

Joseph Knight recalled that Joseph was more excited about the Nephite interpreters than the gold plates:

:After breakfast Joseph called me into the other room, set his foot on the bed, and leaned his head on his hand and said, "Well I am disappointed."
:"Well, I said, "I am sorry."
:"Well, he said, "I am greatly disappointed. It is ten times better than I expected."
:Then he went on to tell the length and width and thickness of the plates and, said he, they appear to be gold. But, he seemed to think more of the glasses or the Urim and thummim than he did of the plate for, said he, "I can see anything. They are marvelous."{{ref|knight1}}

Martin Harris later described the Nephite interpreters as

:about two inches in diameter, perfectly round, and about five-eighths of an inch thick at the centre.... They were joined by a round bar of diver, about three-eights of an inch in diameter, and about four inches long, which with the two stones, would make eight inches.{{ref|harris1}}

Despite having the Nephite interpreters, Joseph Smith often used the seer stone to translate. This led to an episode in which Martin tested the veracity of Joseph's claim to use the second, white stone to translate:{{ref|harriswhite1}}

:Once Martin found a rock closely resembling the seerstone Joseph sometimes used in place of the interpreters and substituted it without the Prophet’s knowledge. When the translation resumed, Joseph paused for a long time and then exclaimed, “Martin, what is the matter, all is as dark as Egypt.” Martin then confessed that he wished to “stop the mouths of fools” who told him that the Prophet memorized sentences and merely repeated them.{{ref|mouthoffools}}

Joseph also seems to have sometimes removed the Nephite stones from the "silver bows" which held them like spectacles, and used them as individual seer stones. Joseph used his white seer stone sometimes "for convenience" during the translation of the 116 pages with Martin Harris; later witnesses reported him using his brown seer stone.{{ref|variousstones1}}

===Did Joseph lose the seer stone(s) and/or the Urim and Thummim?===

Following the loss of the 116 pages, the Lord told Joseph:

:1 NOW, behold, I say unto you, that because you delivered up those writings which you had power given unto you to translate by the means of the Urim and Thummim, into the hands of a wicked man, you have lost them.
:2 And you also lost your gift at the same time, and your mind became darkened.
:3 Nevertheless, it is now restored unto you again; therefore see that you are faithful and continue on unto the finishing of the remainder of the work of translation as you have begun.
:4 Do not run faster or labor more than you have strength and means provided to enable you to translate; but be diligent unto the end. ({{s||DC|10|1-4}})

Thus, "it" (Joseph's gift) was restored to him, but there is no indication that the Nephite interpreters (Urim and Thummim) were also returned, Joseph having also lost "them." That is, after repenting, Joseph would recover his seer stones, but apparently not the the Urim and Thummim. Some Church sources have seen this as the point at which Joseph received the seer stone for the first time, but this is likely incorrect:

:As a chastisement for this carelessness [loss of the 116 pages], the Urim and Thummim was taken from Smith. But by humbling himself, he again found favor with the Lord and was presented a strange oval-shaped, chocolate colored stone, about the size of an egg, but more flat which it was promised should answer the same purpose. With this stone all the present book was translated.{{ref|hr1}}

This source is clearly somewhat confused, since it sees Joseph as getting his dark stone ''after'' the 116 pages, when it likely dates to 1822 at the latest (see above).

David Whitmer, who only came in contact with the translation after the loss of the 116 pages, indicated through a friend that

:With the sanction of David Whitmer, and by his authority, I now state that he does not say that Joseph Smith ever translated in his presence by aid of Urim and Thummim; but by means of one dark colored, opaque stone, called a 'Seer Stone,' which was placed in the crown of a hat, into which Joseph put his face, so as to exclude the external light. Then, a spiritual light would shine forth, and parchment would appear before Joseph, upon which was a line of characters from the plates, and under it, the translation in English; at least, so Joseph said.{{ref|sh1}}

Joseph also used the seer stone to keep himself and the plates safe, as his mother recorded:

:That of which I spoke, which Joseph termed a key, was indeed, nothing more nor less than the Urim and Thummim, and it was by this that the angel showed him many things which he saw in vision; by which also he could ascertain, at any time, the approach of danger, either to himself or the Record, and on account of which he always kept the Urim and Thummim about his person.{{ref|lucymack2}}

We see here the tendency to use the term "Urim and Thummim" to refer to Joseph's seer stone (or to the Nephite interpreters, which would have been too large for Joseph to carry on his person undetected). This lack of precision in terminology has, on occasion, confused some members who have not understood that either or both may be referred to by early LDS authors as "Urim and Thummim." To Joseph and his contemporaries, they were all the same type of thing, and merely differed in the strength of their power and ability. Clearly, devices from the Lord when directed by an angelic messenger (such as the Nephite interpreters) would outrank a seer stone found on one's own.

===What is the relation between Urim and Thummim and seer stones?===

As seen above, members of the Church tended to conflate the seer stone with the Nephite interpreters (never called "Urim and Thummim" by the Book of Mormon text; the label is a modern application).

The Book of Mormon makes reference to a stone that likely has reference to Joseph Smith's seer stone (as distinct from the Nephite interpreters):

: And the Lord said: I will prepare unto my servant Gazelem, a stone, which shall shine forth in darkness unto light, that I may discover unto my people who serve me, that I may discover unto them the works of their brethren, yea, their secret works, their works of darkness, and their wickedness and abominations.{{s||Alma|37|23}}

Joseph Smith's "code name," used for the publication of some sections of the Doctrine and Covenants to hide the recipients from their enemies, was "Gazalem." And, at his funeral, W.W. Phelps also applied this name to Joseph.{{ref|gazalem1}}

Alma's account then goes on to speak of the Nephite interpreters:

:24 And now, my son, these interpreters were prepared that the word of God might be fulfilled, which he spake, saying:
:25 I will bring forth out of darkness unto light all their secret works and their abominations; and except they repent I will destroy them from off the face of the earth; and I will bring to light all their secrets and abominations, unto every nation that shall hereafter possess the land.{{s||Alma|37|24-25}}

Thus, "stone" (singular) may well be distinct from the "interpreters" (plural) possessed by the Nephites. The Book of Mosiah makes clear that the interpreters consisted of "two stones":

: 13 Now Ammon said unto him: I can assuredly tell thee, O king, of a man that can translate the records; for he has wherewith that he can look, and translate all records that are of ancient date; and it is a gift from God. And the things are called interpreters, and no man can look in them except he be commanded, lest he should look for that he ought not and he should perish. And whosoever is commanded to look in them, the same is called seer.
:14 And behold, the king of the people who are in the land of Zarahemla is the man that is commanded to do these things, and who has this high gift from God.{{s||Mosiah|8|13-14}}
:…
:13 And now he translated them by the means of those two stones which were fastened into the two rims of a bow.
:14 Now these things were prepared from the beginning, and were handed down from generation to generation, for the purpose of interpreting languages;
:15 And they have been kept and preserved by the hand of the Lord, that he should discover to every creature who should possess the land the iniquities and abominations of his people;
:16 And whosoever has these things is called seer, after the manner of old times. .{{s||Mosiah|28|13-16}}

The first use in print of "Urim and Thummim" to refer to the interpreters was in January 1833:

:[The Book of Mormon] was translated by the gift and power of God, by an unlearned man, through the aid of a pair of Interpreters, or spectacles--(known, perhaps in ancient days as Teraphim, or Urim and Thummim).{{ref|wwphelps1}}

Members of the Church seem to have used the term interchangeably on many occasions.{{ref|interchange1}}

===Why did Joseph tend to use the seer stone more than the Nephite interpreters?===

The size of the interpreters may have been a significant barrier to their use. William Smith, Joseph's brother, described the Nephite instruments as

:too large for Joseph's eyes; they must have been used by larger men.{{ref|williamsmith1}}

Charles Anthon agreed when he later recalled Martin Harris' description and wrote:

:These spectacles were so large that if a person attempted to look through them, his two eyes would have to be turned towards one of the glasses merely, the spectacles in question being altogether too large for the breadth of the human face.{{ref|anthon1}}

===Why did use of the seer stones subside?===

The Urim and Thummim were the means of receiving most of the formal revelations until June 1829. That was the time of completing the Book of Mormon, which was translated through the Urim and Thummim and also the seer stone. After this, seer stones were generally not used while receiving revelation or translation. (The JST and the Book of Abraham translations both began with seer stone usage, but Joseph soon quit using them.{{ref|JSTandBoA}}) Following his baptism, receipt of the Holy Ghost, and ordination to the Melchizedek priesthood, Joseph seems have felt far less need to resort to the stones.{{ref|priesthood1}} He had learned, through divine tutoring, how to receive unmediated revelation—the Lord had taken him "line upon line" from where he was (surrounded with beliefs about seeing and divining) and brought him to further light, knowledge, and power.

This perspective was reinforced by Orson Pratt, who watched the New Testament revision (JST) and wondered why the use of seer stones/interpreters (as with the Book of Mormon) was not continued:

:While this thought passed through the speaker's mind, Joseph, as if he read his thoughts, looked up and explained that the Lord gave him the Urim and Thummim when he was inexperienced in the Spirit of inspiration. But now he had advanced so far that he understood the operations of that Spirit and did not need the assistance of that instrument.{{ref|prattuandt}}

===Are there any Biblical parallels to Joseph's seer stone understanding?===

The idea of sacred stones acting as revelators to believers is present in the Bible, and Joseph Smith embraced a decidedly "non-magical" and "pro-religious" view of them:

:In Revelation, John incorporates past religious symbols into his message. Thus the most internally consistent interpretation of the "white stone" combines with the book's assurance that the faithful will become "kings and priests" to the Most High (Rev. 1:6). These eternal priests will be in tune with God's will, like the High Priest with the breastplate of shining stones and the Urim. In Hebrew that term means "light," corresponding to the "white" stone of John's Revelation. This correlation should be obvious, but Joseph Smith is virtually alone in confidence that John sees the redeemed as full High Priests: "Then the white stone mentioned in Rev. 2:17 is the Urim and Thummim, whereby all things pertaining to a higher order of kingdoms, even all kingdoms, will be made know." As for genuine religion, Joseph Smith perceived the stone of John's vision not as a stone of chance but as a conduit of enlightenment and a reward of worthiness of character.{{ref|revelationjohn1}}

===What happened to the seer stones?===

As noted above, the Nephite interpreters were apparently reclaimed by Moroni following the loss of the 116 pages, and were only seen again by the Three Witnesses ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/bm/thrwtnss Testimony of Three]).

Van Wagoner and Walker write:
: David Whitmer indicated that the seer stone was later given to Oliver Cowdery: "After the translation of the Book of Mormon was finished early in the spring of 1830 before April 6th, Joseph gave the Stone to Oliver Cowdery and told me as well as the rest that he was through with it, and he did not use the Stone anymore.” Whitmer, who was Cowdery's brother-in-law, stated that on Oliver's death in 1848, another brother-in-law, "Phineas Young, a brother of Brigham Young, and an old-time and once intimate friend of the Cowdery family came out from Salt Lake City, and during his visit he contrived to get the stone from its hiding place, through a little deceptive sophistry, extended upon the grief-stricken widow. When he returned to Utah he carried it in triumph to the apostles of Brigham Young's 'lion house.'"...

[Van Wagoner and Walker here confuse the two seer stones, so this section is not included here, given that better information has since come to light.]

:...Joseph Fielding Smith, as an apostle, made clear that "the Seer Stone which was in the possession of the Prophet Joseph Smith in early days . . . is now in the possession of the Church." Elder Joseph Anderson, Assistant to the Council of the Twelve and long-time secretary to the First Presidency, clarified in 1971 that the "Seer Stone that Joseph Smith used in the early days of the Church is in possession of the Church and is kept in a safe in Joseph Fielding Smith's office.... [The stone is] slightly smaller than a chicken egg, oval, chocolate in color."{{ref|fatestone}} (This would be Joseph's first, "shoe-shaped stone," which was given to Oliver Cowdery, and then to his brother-in-law Phineaus Young, brother of Brigham Young.{{ref|fatestone1}})

Joseph's second (white) stone is also in the possession of the LDS First Presidency.{{ref|2ndstonefate}}

===Has the Church tried to hide Joseph's use of a seer stone?===

The Church has been very frank about the seer stone's use, though the ''product'' of the translation of the Book of Mormon is usually given much more attention that the ''process''.

Text translated with the Nephite interpreters was lost with the 116 pages given to Martin Harris—see {{s||DC|3||}}. The Church's ''Historical Record'' records Joseph's use of the seer stone to translate all of our current Book of Mormon text:

:As a chastisement for this carelessness [loss of the 116 pages], the Urim and Thummim was taken from Smith. But by humbling himself, he again found favor with the Lord and was presented a strange oval-shaped, chocolate colored stone, about the size of an egg, but more flat which it was promised should answer the same purpose. With this stone all the present book was translated. [Note that the chronology of Joseph's acquisition of the stone is here somewhat confused. The use of the stone, however, is clearly indicated.]{{ref|hr1}}

References to the stone are not confined to the distant past. Elder Russell M. Nelson of the Twelve Apostles described the process clearly in an ''Ensign'' article:

:Joseph Smith would put the seer stone into a hat, and put his face in the hat, drawing it closely around his face to exclude the light; and in the darkness the spiritual light would shine. A piece of something resembling parchment would appear, and on that appeared the writing. One character at a time would appear, and under it was the interpretation in English. Brother Joseph would read off the English to Oliver Cowdery, who was his principal scribe, and when it was written down and repeated to Brother Joseph to see if it was correct, then it would disappear, and another character with the interpretation would appear. Thus the Book of Mormon was translated by the gift and power of God, and not by any power of man.{{ref|nelson1}}

It would be strange to try to hide something by having an apostle talk about it, and then send the account to every LDS home in the official magazine!

====Other mentions in Church materials====
Similar material is also found in other Church publications, some of which are included below:

* {{Ensign1|author=Richard Lloyd Anderson|article=‘By the Gift and Power of God’|date=Sepember 1977|start=79}}{{link|url=http://www.lds.org/ldsorg/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=2354fccf2b7db010VgnVCM1000004d82620aRCRD&locale=0&sourceId=5a921f26d596b010VgnVCM1000004d82620a____&hideNav=1}}
* Hyrum Andrus, ''Joseph Smith, the Man, the Seer'' (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Company, 1960), 102. {{GL1|url=http://gospelink.com/library/doc?doc_id=271098}}
* {{FR-6-1-14}}
* {{BYUS|author=Marvin S. Hill|article=Money-Digging Folklore and the Beginnings of Mormonism: An Interpretative Suggestion|vol=24|num=4|date=Fall 1984|start=?|end=??}}{{GL|url=http://gospelink.com/library/doc?doc_id=282646}}
* {{IE1|author=Francis W. Kirkham|article=The Manner of Translating The BOOK of MORMON|date=1939}} {{GL1|url=http://gospelink.com/library/doc?doc_id=242545}}
* Joseph Fielding McConkie, Craig J. Ostler, ''Revelations of the Restoration: A Commentary on the Doctrine and Covenants and Other Modern Revelations'' (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Co., 2000), D&C 9. {{GL1|url=http://gospelink.com/library/doc?doc_id=352684}}
* {{JBMS-2-2-14}}
* {{DFS1|article=A Brief Debate on the Book of Mormon|vol=1|start=350}}{{GL1|url=http://gospelink.com/library/doc?doc_id=205446}}
* {{BYUS1|author=Royal Skousen|article=Towards a Critical Edition of the Book of Mormon|start=52|date=Winter 1990|vol=30|num=1}}{{GL1|url=http://gospelink.com/library/doc?doc_id=282960}}

The charge that the Church is "hiding" or "suppressing" this material cannot be sustained.

==Conclusion==

{{nw}}

==Endnotes==

#{{note|mcgee1}} {{Ashurst-McGee-Thesis|start=200|end=215}}
#{{note|confused1}} See, for example, {{CHC1|vol=1|start=129}}; Roberts was followed by Richard S. Van Wagoner, Dan Vogel, Ogden Kraut, Jerald and Sandra Tanner, and D. Michael Quinn. See discussion in Ashurst-McGee, 247n317.
#{{note|mcgee2}} {{Ashurst-McGee-Thesis|start=200|end=283}}
#{{note|mcgee3}} {{Ashurst-McGee-Thesis|start=200|end=201}}

#{{note|chase1}} Eber Dudley Howe, ''Mormonism Unvailed'' (Painesville, Ohio: Telegraph Press, 1834), 241-242; cited in {{Dialogue|author=Richard Van Wagoner and Steven Walker|article=Joseph Smith: 'The Gift of Seeing|vol=15|num=2|date=Summer 1982|start=48|end=68}}
#{{note|chaseconfirm}} See Van Wagoner and Walker, 54.

#{{note|stonesize}} W. D. Purple, ''The Chenango Union'' (3 May 1877); cited in {{NewWitnessForChrist1|vol=2|start=365}} (See Van Wagoner and Walker, 54.)
#{{note|secondstoneappear}} Richard Marcellas Robinson, "The History of a Nephite Coin," manuscript, 20 December 1834, LDS Church archives; cited in {{Ashurst-McGee-Thesis1|start=264}}

#{{note|pin}} Joel Tiffany, ''Tiffany's Monthly'' (June 1859): 164;cited in Van Wagoner and Walker, 55.
#{{note|lucymack1}} {{biosketch|start=91|end=92}}
#{{note|marryemma1}} {{BYUS1|author=Dean C. Jessee|article=Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History|vol=17|date=August 1976|num=1|page=31}}; cited in {{Ashurst-McGee-Thesis1|start=281}}

#{{note|stoneplates1}} Mormonism—II," ''Tiffany's Monthly'' (June 1859): 163, see also 169; cited in Ashurst-McGee (2000), 286.
#{{note|henryharris1}} Henry Harris, statement in E.D. Howe ''Mormonism Unvailed'' (1833), 252; cited in Ashurst-McGee (2000), 290.
#{{note|knight1}} Joseph Knight, cited in Leonard J. Arrington and Davis Bitton, ''Saints Without Halos: The Human Side of Mormon History'' (Salt Lake City, Signature Books, 1981), 6. Spelling and punctuation have been modernized. The original text reads: "After Brackfist Joseph Cald me in to the other Room and he sit his foot on the Bed and leaned his head on his hand and says, well I am Dissopented. Well, say I, I am sorrey. Well, says he, I am grateley Dissopnted. It is ten times Better then I expected. Then he went on to tell the length and width and thickness of the plates and, said he, they appear to be gold. But he seamed to think more of the glasses or the urim and thummim than he Did of the plates for says he, I can see anything. They are Marvelous."
#{{note|harris1}} Joel Tiffany, "Mormonism—No. II," ''Tiffany's Monthly'' (June 1859): 165–166; cited in VanWagoner and Walker, footnote 27.
#{{note|harriswhite1}} Tiffany, 163.
#{{note|mouthoffools}} Told in ''Millennial Star'' 44:87; quotation from {{Ensign1|author=Kenneth W. Godfrey|article=A New Prophet and a New Scripture: The Coming Forth of the Book of Mormon|date=January 1988|start=6}}{{link|url=http://library.lds.org/nxt/gateway.dll/Magazines/Ensign/1988.htm/ensign%20january%201988.htm/a%20new%20prophet%20and%20a%20new%20scripture%20the%20coming%20forth%20of%20the%20book%20of%20mormon.htm}}
#{{note|variousstones1}} See {{Ashurst-McGee-Thesis|start=320|end=326}}

#{{note|hr1}} ''The Historical Record. Devoted Exclusively to Historical, Biographical, Chronological and Statistical Matters'', (LDS Church Archives), 632,; cited in Van Wagoner and Walker, 54. Note that Van Wagoner and Walker contain inaccurate information about the stones, their provenance, and order of discovery.
#{{note|recoverurim}} See Joseph Smith's 1838/9 history in {{EarlyMormonDocs1|vol=1|num=73}} and {{LucyMackSmith-Anderson1| start=428}}
#{{note|sh1}} ''Saints' Herald'' 26 (15 November 1879): 341.

#{{note|gazalem1}} The material on "gazelem" is derived from Van Wagoner and Walker, 56.
#{{note|wwphelps1}} {{EMS1|vol=1|num=8|date=January 1833|author=William W. Phelps (uncredited)|article=The Book of Mormon|start=58}}; cited in Van Wagoner and Walker, 53. {{link|url=http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/NCMP1820-1846,5765}}
#{{note|interchange1}} See discussion in Van Wagoner and Walker, 59–63.

# {{note|williamsmith1}} William Smith interview by J. W. Peterson and W. S. Pender, 4 July 1891, reported in ''The Rod of Iron'' 3 (February 1924): 6-7; ''Saints' Herald'' 79 (9 March 1932): 238; cited in VanWagoner and Walker, footnote 27.
#{{note|anthon1}} Charles Anthon letter to E. D. Howe, 17 Feb. 1834, published in E.D. Howe, ''Mormonism Unvailed'', 17; cited in VanWagoner and Walker, footnote 27.

#{{note|JSTandBoA}} {{Ashurst-McGee-Thesis|start=334|end=337}}
#{{note|priesthood1}} {{Ashurst-McGee-Thesis|start=332|end=333}}
#{{note|prattuandt}} {{MatureJS}} ; citing Orson Pratt, "Discourse at Brigham City," 27 June 1874, Ogden (Utah) Junction, cited in {{MS|author=Orson Pratt|article=Two Days´ Meeting at Brigham City|vol=36|date=11 August 1874|start=498|end=499}}

#{{note|revelationjohn1}} {{MatureJS}}

#{{note|fatestone}} Van Wagoner and Walker, 58–59 (citations removed).
#{{note|fatestone}} {{Ashurst-McGee-Thesis|start=230|231}}
#{{note|2ndstonefate}} Quinn, ''Early Mormonism and the Magic World View'' 242–247.
#{{note|hr1}} ''The Historical Record. Devoted Exclusively to Historical, Biographical, Chronological and Statistical Matters'' (LDS Church Archives), 632.
#{{note|nelson1}} David Whitmer, ''An Address to All Believers in Christ'' (Richmond, Mo.: n.p., 1887), 12; cited in {{Ensign1|author=Russell M. Nelson|article=A Treasured Testament|date=July 1993|start=61}}{{link|url=http://www.lds.org/ldsorg/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=2354fccf2b7db010VgnVCM1000004d82620aRCRD&locale=0&sourceId=05169209df38b010VgnVCM1000004d82620a____&hideNav=1}}



===FAIR wiki articles===
{{MagicWiki}}

===FAIR web site===
{{MagicFAIR}}

===External links===
*{{Dialogue|author=Richard Van Wagoner and Steven Walker|article=Joseph Smith: 'The Gift of Seeing|vol=15|num=2|date=Summer 1982|start=49|end=68}} {{link|url=http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/dialogue&CISOPTR=16574&REC=16}}{{NB}}
{{MagicLinks}}

===Printed material===
{{MagicPrint}}
[[de:Joseph_Smith_und_Sehersteine]]

Predefinição:FR-7-1-8

2008-12-21T02:48:46Z

DanaRepouille:

{{FR-7-1|author=William J. Hamblin |article=Review of ''Explorers of Pre-Columbian America?: The Diffusionist-Inventionist Controversy;Legend and Lore of the Americas before 1492: An Encyclopedia of Visitors, Explorers, and Immigrants'' by Eugene R. Fingerhut & Ronald H. Fritze |start=120|end=122|url=http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=review&id=174 |pdf=http://farms.byu.edu/getpdf.php?filename=NzUyNjIwODM4LTctMS5wZGY=&type=cmV2aWV3 }}

Predefinição:FR-1-1-19

2008-12-21T02:36:25Z

DanaRepouille:

{{FR-1-1|author=Glenn Cooper|article=Book of Mormon Bibliography (1988)|start=135|end=144|url=http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=review&id=19}}

Predefinição:PolygamyWiki

2008-12-19T04:01:02Z

DanaRepouille:

{{editme|url=Template:PolygamyWiki|before=|after='''''Plural marriage wiki links'''''}}
*[[Book of Mormon condemns polygamy|Book of Mormon Condemns Polygamy]]
*[[Contradiction between D&C 132 and Jacob 2]]
*[[1835 Doctrine and Covenants denies polygamy]]
*[[In Sacred Loneliness|In Sacred Loneliness Book Reviews]]
*Unchristian?
**[[Polygamy not Biblical|Plural marriage is not Biblical?]]
**[[Early Christians on plural marriage|Early Christians on Plural Marriage]]
*[[Brigham Young and polygamy|Brigham Young]]: hiding history?
*[[Joseph Smith and polygamy]] (Summary article)
**[[Polygamy book/Initiation of the practice|Polygamy book/Initiation of the practice]]
**[[Joseph Smith and polygamy/Emma Smith|Emma Smith]]
**[[Joseph Smith and polygamy/Helen Mar Kimball|Helen Mar Kimball]]
**[[Joseph Smith and polygamy/Polyandry|Polyandry]]
***[[Polygamy book/Polyandry|Polygamy book/Polyandry]]
**[[Joseph_Smith_and_polygamy/Children_of_polygamous_marriages|Children by plural marriage?]]
***[[Polygamy book/Children_of_polygamous_marriages|Polygamy book/Children_of_polygamous_marriages]]
**[[Joseph Smith and polygamy/"Love letters"|"Love letters?"]]
**[[Joseph Smith and polygamy/Marriages to young women|Polygamous marriages to young women]]
***[[Polygamy book/Age of wives|Polygamy book/Age of wives]]
*[[Polygamy because of lustful motives|Lustful motives?]]
*[[The Law of Adoption]]
*The Manifesto
**[[Official Declaration—1|The Manifesto the result of political pressure]]
**[[Polygamy after the Manifesto|Post-Manifesto plural marriages]]
*[[Polygamy and the modern Church|The modern Church and polygamous groups]]
*[[Purpose of plural marriage]]
*[[Polygamy a requirement for exaltation|Required for exaltation?]]
**[[Brigham Young in JD 11, page 269]]
**[[First Presidency Counselor on the Polygamy / Exaltation Question]]
*[[Plural marriage spiritual manifestations|Divine manifestations to plural wives and families]]

Predefinição:WorksOfAbraham1

2008-12-14T15:04:15Z

DanaRepouille:

B. Carmon Hardy (editor), ''Doing the Works of Abraham: Mormon Polygamy, Its origin, practice and demise'', Vol. 9 of ''Kingdom in the West Series: The Mormons and the American Frontier'' (series editor Will Bagley), (Norman, Oklahoma: The Arthur H. Clark Company, 2007), {{{start}}}. ISBN 0870623443. ISBN 978-0870623448.

Predefinição:FR-19-1-12

2008-12-14T14:53:27Z

DanaRepouille: Undo revision 31544 by DanaRepouille (Talk)

{{FR-19-1|author=Terryl L. Givens |article=New Religious Movements and Orthodoxy: The Challenge to the Religious Mainstream |start=201|end=220|url=http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=review&id=642 |pdf=http://farms.byu.edu/getpdf.php?filename=NTU5NjgyMDQzLTE5LTEucGRm&type=cmV2aWV3 }}[[Template:FR-19-1-12| wiki]]

Predefinição:FR-19-1-12

2008-12-14T14:44:10Z

DanaRepouille:

{{FR-19-1|author=Teryl L. Givens |article=New Religious Movements and Orthodoxy: The Challenge to the Religious Mainstream |start=201|end=220|url=http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=review&id=642 |pdf=http://farms.byu.edu/getpdf.php?filename=NTU5NjgyMDQzLTE5LTEucGRm&type=cmV2aWV3 }}[[Template:FR-19-1-12| wiki]]

Predefinição:PolygamyLinks

2008-12-13T22:26:29Z

DanaRepouille:

{{editme|url=Template:PolygamyLinks|before=|after='''''Plural marriage on-line articles'''''}}
*{{Ensign|author=James B. Allen|article=Line upon Line|date=July 1979|start=32|end=40}}{{link|url=http://library.lds.org/nxt/gateway.dll/Magazines/Ensign/1979.htm/ensign%20july%201979%20.htm/line%20upon%20line.htm}}
*{{BYUS|author=Edwin B. Firmage|article=The Judicial Campaign against Polygamy and the Enduring Legal Questions|vol=27|num=3|date=Summer 1987|start=91|end=113}} {{pdflink|url=http://byustudies.byu.edu/Products/MoreInfoPage/MoreInfo.aspx?Type=7&ProdID=1272}}
* {{EoM|author=Danel Bachman, Ronald K. Esplin|article=Plural Marriage|vol=3|start=1091|end=1095}} {{link|url=http://ldsfaq.byu.edu/emmain.asp?number=145}}
* Stephen R. Gibson, "Does the Book of Mormon Forbid Polygamy," ''lightplanet.com''. {{link|url=http://www.lightplanet.com/response/answers/forbid.htm}}
*{{BYUS|author=Gordon Irving|article=The Law of Adoption: One Phase of the Development of the Mormon Concept of Salvation, 1830–1900|vol=14|num=3|date=Spring 1974|start=291|end=314}}{{link|url=http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/docviewer.exe?CISOROOT=/byustudies&CISOPTR=21946&CISOSHOW=5142}}
*{{Aremormonschristians|start=90|end=96}}
*Gilbert W. Scharffs, ''The Truth About “The Godmakers”: A Response to an Inaccurate Portrayal of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints'' (Salt Lake City: Publishers Press, 1986). {{fairlink|url=http://www.fairlds.org/pubs/tagm/tagm00.html}}
*W. John Walsh, "Is Plural Marriage Necessary for Exaltation?" {{link|url=http://www.lightplanet.com/mormons/daily/history/plural_marriage/necessary.htm}}
* Mormon-polygamy.org {{link|url=http://www.mormon-polygamy.org/}}

Predefinição:JSTWiki

2008-12-13T03:50:12Z

DanaRepouille:

{{editme|url=Template:Jst_links|before=|after='''''Joseph Smith Translation wiki articles'''''}}
*[[Joseph Smith Translation and the Book of Mormon|And the Book of Mormon]] 
*[[Joseph Smith Translation as a restoration of the original Bible text|As a restoration of the original Bible text]]
*[[Joseph Smith Translation as the Church's official Bible|As the Church's official Bible]]
*[[Discrepancies Between Translations: Book of Mormon, King James Version, Joseph Smith Translation]]

Predefinição:JesusChristPortal

2008-12-13T03:47:01Z

DanaRepouille:

Predefinição:EerdmansBD1

2008-12-13T02:48:01Z

DanaRepouille:

{{{author}}}, "{{{article}}}," in ''Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible,'' edited by David Noel Freedman, Allen C. Myers, and Astrid B. Beck, (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2000), {{{start}}}. ISBN 0802824005.

Predefinição:FR-12-1-12

2008-12-13T01:18:08Z

DanaRepouille:

{{FR-12-1|author=Danel W. Bachman |article=The Other Side of the Coin: A Source Review of Norman Geisler's Chapter (Review of: "Scripture," In ''The Counterfeit Gospel of Mormonism'') |start=175|end=214|url=http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=review&id=338 |pdf=http://farms.byu.edu/getpdf.php?filename=MTM2OTY3NDA5Ny0xMi0xLnBkZg==&type=cmV2aWV3 }}

Predefinição:FR-12-1-11

2008-12-13T01:17:10Z

DanaRepouille:

{{FR-12-1|author=Alma Allred |article=Coin of the Realm: Beware of Specious Specie (Review of: "Scripture," In ''The Counterfeit Gospel of Mormonism'') |start=137|end=174|url=http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=review&id=337 |pdf=http://farms.byu.edu/getpdf.php?filename=MTAyMTAwOTgxNy0xMi0xLnBkZg==&type=cmV2aWV3 }}

Predefinição:AdamPortal

2008-12-13T01:00:50Z

DanaRepouille:

Predefinição:FirstVisionPortal

2008-12-13T00:55:24Z

DanaRepouille:

{| style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;" align="right" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%" | FAIRwiki portal
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 5px 0 5px" | [[Template:FirstVisionPortal|First Vision & Related Issues]]
|-
| style="text-align: center; padding: 7px 0 7px 0;" | [[Image:First_vision_b%26w1.jpg]]
|-
! style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;" | FAIRwiki articles
|-
| nowrap style="font-size: 85%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #edf3fe; text-align:left;" |
General criticisms:
*[[First_Vision_accounts|Summary page]]
**[[Early Smith family history|Early Smith history]]
**[[Religious_revivals_in_1820|1820 Revival]]
**[[Joseph Smith joined other churches|Joined other churches?]]
**[[Joseph_Smith_did_not_know_if_God_existed_in_1823|Unsure of God in 1823?]]
**[[Joseph_Smith's_early_conception_of_God|Early understanding of God]]
**[[Contradiction_about_knowing_all_churches_were_wrong|All wrong?]]
**[[First_Vision_story_became_more_detailed_and_colorful_after_1832%3F|Details added over time?]]
**[[The "Angels" of the 1835 account|Personages were angels?]]
**[[No_reference_to_First_Vision_in_1830s_publications%3F|No ref in 1830s?]]
**[[First_Vision_fabricated_to_give_%22Godly_authority%22|Fabricated to bolster authority?]]
**[[1838_account_modified_to_offset_leadership_crisis%3F|Changed by 1838 apostasy?]]
**[[D%26C_84_says_God_not_seen_without_priesthood%3F|Without priesthood can't see God?]]
----
1832 Account:
*[[1832_account_doesn't_mention_new_dispensation|No new dispensation?]]
*[[Different_age_provided_in_the_1832_text|Different age?]]
*[[Motivation_in_1832_account_is_different|Different motivation?]]
*[[1832_account_doesn't_mention_persecution|No persecution?]]
*[[1832_account_doesn't_mention_a_revival|No revival?]]
*[[1832_account_doesn't_forbid_joining_a_church|Not forbidden to convert?]]
*[[1832_says_wicked_will_be_destroyed_but_1838_doesn't|Wicked destroyed?]]
*[[Only_one_Deity_appears_in_the_1832_account|Only one Deity?]]
*[[1832_vision_set_in_heaven_or_on_earth%3F|In heaven or earth?]]
*[[Eternal_life_regardless_of_church_affiliation_in_1832_text%3F|Unconditional salvation?]]
*[[Struggle_with_Satan_not_in_the_1832_account|Struggle with Satan?]]
----
Others' accounts:
*[[George_Q._Cannon_referred_to_%22angels%22|George Q. Cannon]]
*[[Oliver_Cowdery_not_aware_of_First_Vision_in_1834-35|Cowdery version of 1834-5?]]
*[[Orson_Hyde_referred_to_%22angels%22|Orson Hyde]]
*[[Andrew_Jenson_called_personage_an_%22angel%22|Andrew Jensen]]
*[[Heber_C._Kimball_denied_the_Father_appeared|Heber C. Kimball|]]
*[[Orson_Pratt_confused_about_%22angel%22_or_Father-Son|Orson Pratt]]
*[[George_A._Smith_said_First_Vision_was_an_%22angel%22|George A. Smith]]
*[[Prophet%27s_mother_said_First_Vision_was_of_an_%22angel%22|Lucy Mack Smith]]
*[[Orson_Spencer_said_an_%22angel%22_was_the_first_manifestation%3F|Orson Spencer]]
*[[John_Taylor's_understanding_of_the_First_Vision|John Taylor]]
*[[Brigham_Young_never_mentioned_First_Vision|Brigham never spoke of 1st vision?]]
*[[Brigham_Young_said_the_Lord_didn't_appear|Brigham claimed an angel?]]
*[[Seldom_mentioned_in_LDS_publications_before_1877|Seldom published pre-1877 (short)]]
*[[Seldom_mentioned_in_LDS_publications_before_1877_(long)|(long)]]
*[[Lack_of_contemporary_Father_and_Son_vision_until_1838%3F|LDS Father/Son pre-1838?]]
*[[No_mention_in_non-LDS_literature_before_1843%3F|Non-LDS pre-1843?]]
----
Other criticisms:
*[[Controversy_Concerning_D%26C_121:28|D&C 121:28]]
*[[The_Father:_A_Spirit_vs._Embodied|Father: Spirit vs. Embodied]]
*[[Nephi_or_Moroni|Nephi or Moroni in 1823?]]
*[[Personages_who_appeared_to_Joseph_Smith|Personages seen by Joseph]]
|-
! style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;" | FAIR Wiki Topical Guide
|-
| nowrap style="font-size: 85%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #edf3fe; text-align:left;" |
*[[Topical Guide/Church history/First Vision|First Vision]]
|-
! style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;" | FAIR web site
|-
| nowrap style="font-size: 85%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #edf3fe; text-align:left;" |
*[http://www.fairlds.org/apol/ai063.html Topical guide]
*[[Template:JosephSmithFAIR|Articles]]
|-
! style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;" | FARMS web site
|-
| nowrap style="font-size: 85%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #edf3fe; text-align:left;" |
*[Pending]
|-
! style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;" | Additional reading
|-
| nowrap style="font-size: 85%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #edf3fe; text-align:left;" |
*[[Template:JosephSmithLinks|Online]]
*[[Template:JosephSmithPrint|In print]]
|-
! style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;" | Other portals
|-
| nowrap style="font-size: 85%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #edf3fe; text-align:left;" |
*[[Template:JosephSmithPortal|Joseph Smith, Jr.]]
|}

Predefinição:JBMS-15-1-8

2008-12-12T23:23:44Z

DanaRepouille:

{{JBMS-15-1|author=Terryl L. Givens |article=The Book of Mormon Critical Text Project |start=32|end=35|url=http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/display.php?table=jbms&id=402 |pdf=http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/getpdf.php?filename=NTY4NTQ4MTUzLTE1LTEucGRm&type=amJtcw== }}[[Template:JBMS-15-1-8| wiki]]

Predefinição:FR-15-1-10

2008-12-12T05:18:50Z

DanaRepouille:

{{FR-15-1|author=Kevin L. Barney |article=A More Responsible Critique (Review of: ''Does the Book of Mormon Reflect an Ancient Near Eastern Background?'') |start=97|end=146|url=http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=review&id=491 |pdf=http://farms.byu.edu/getpdf.php?filename=OTAwNDY1MzkzLTE1LTEucGRm&type=cmV2aWV3 }}

Predefinição:JSOtherVisionLinks

2008-12-12T02:26:42Z

DanaRepouille:

{{editme|url=Template:JSOtherVisionLinks|before=|after='''''Joseph Smith other visionary issues on-line links'''''}}
*{{BYUS|author=Dean C. Jesse|article=Early Accounts of Joseph Smith (1831–1839)|date=1969|vol=9|num=3|start=275|end=294}}{{pdflink|url=http://byustudies.byu.edu/Products/MoreInfoPage/MoreInfo.aspx?prodid=662&type=7}}
*{{BYUS|author=David L. Paulsen|article=The Doctrine of Divine Embodiment: Restoration, Judeo-Christian, and Philosophical Perspectives|vol=35|num=4|date=1995–96|start=6|end=94}}{{pdflink|url=http://byustudies.byu.edu/Products/MoreInfoPage/MoreInfo.aspx?Type=7&ProdID=665}}{{NB}}

Predefinição:FR-12-1-14

2008-12-10T12:27:14Z

DanaRepouille:

{{FR-12-1|author=Barry R. Bickmore |article=Not Completely Worthless (Review of: "Christ," In ''The Counterfeit Gospel of Mormonism'') |start=275|end=302|url=http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=review&id=340 |pdf=http://farms.byu.edu/getpdf.php?filename=MzY2NTk0MzE4LTEyLTEucGRm&type=cmV2aWV3 }}